The C-class MADS box gene AGAMOUS (AG) plays crucial roles in Arabidopsis thaliana development by regulating the organ identity of stamens and carpels, the repression of A-class genes, and floral meristem determinacy. To examine the conservation and diversification of C-class gene function in monocots, we analyzed two C-class genes in rice (Oryza sativa), OSMADS3 and OSMADS58, which may have ar...

Reproductive organ development is one of the most important steps in the life cycle of plants. Studies using core eudicot species like thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) have shown that MADS domain transcription factors belonging to the AGAMOUS (AG) subfamily regulate the identity of stamens, carpels, and ovules and that they are important for floral meristem ...

In sticky price models with endogenous investment, virtually all monetary policy rules that set a nominal interest rate in response solely to future inflation induce real indeterminacy of equilibrium. Applying the Samuelson-Farebrother conditions, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for local real determinacy, which reveals that increasing price stickiness or letting policy respond a...

Existing dynamic determinacy race detectors for task-parallel programs are limited to programs with strict computation graphs, where a task can only wait for its descendant tasks to complete. In this paper, we present the first known determinacy race detector for non-strict computation graphs with futures. The space and time complexity of our algorithm are similar to those of the classical SP-b...

This paper studies the determinacy properties of monetary and fiscal policy rules in a small-scale New Keynesian model. We modify the standard model in two ways. First, we allow positive public debt in the steady state as in Leeper [Journal of Monetary Economics 27, 129–147 (1991)]. Second, we add rule-of-thumb consumers as in Bilbiie [Journal of Economic Theory 140, 162–196 (2008)]. Leeper stu...

What inflation rate should the central bank target? We address determinacy issues related to this question in a two-sector model in which prices can differ in equilibrium. We assume that the degree of nominal price stickiness can vary across the sectors and that labor is immobile. The contribution of this paper is to demonstrate that a modified Taylor Principle holds in this environment. If the...

Let D = {d n } be a countable collection of ∆ 1 3 degrees. Assuming that all co-analytic games on integers are determined (or equivalently that all reals have " sharps "), we prove that either D has a ∆ 1 3-minimal upper bound, or that for any n, and for every real r recursive in d n , games in the pointclasses ∆ 1 2 (r) are determined. This is proven using Core Model theory.

We prove that various classical tree forcings—for instance Sacks forcing, Mathias Laver Miller forcing and Silver forcing—preserve the statement every real has a sharp hence analytic determinacy. then lift this result via methods of inner model theory to obtain level-by-level preservation projective determinacy (PD). Assuming PD, we further generic absoluteness holds no new equivalence classes ...