Based on bipolar dynamic logic and bipolar quantum linear algebra, a causal theory of YinYang bipolar atom is introduced in a completely background independent geometry that transcends spacetime. The causal theory leads to an equilibrium-based super symmetrical quantum cosmology of negative-positive energies. It is contended that the new theory has opened an Eastern road toward quantum gravity ...

Making scientific information machine-readable greatly facilitates its reuse. Many articles have the goal to test a hypothesis, so making tests of statistical predictions easier find and access could be very beneficial. We propose an approach that can used make hypothesis machine-readable. believe there are two benefits specifying in such way computer evaluate whether prediction is corroborated...

Before intergovernmental consensus under the Rio Declaration in 1992, ignorance of type I errors had been disfavored in science. However, the Precautionary Principle (PP) counsels the avoidance of type II errors, rather than of type I errors. We need a new academic code for the PP. The risk of extinction has usually been evaluated based on conservative estimates of the present population size. ...

The term " equitability " was introduced by Reshef et al. in ref. 1 to describe measures of statistical dependence that " give similar scores to equally noisy relationships of different types. " Their paper also introduced a new statistic, the " maximal information coefficient " (MIC), that was said to satisfy this equitability criterion. There has since been much interest in MIC, due primarily...

This article considers Ullman and Pierpont's Procedural Deficit theory of Specific Language Impairment (SLI). The theory represents an innovative attempt to fill the gap between brain and cognition in SLI, and has the potential to explain the non-linguistic as well as linguistic deficits seen in this disorder. The theory is reviewed with regard to: (1) the claims it makes on the domain-specific...

This article deals with the use of computers to carry out musicological practices which rely on scores segmentation and charting. We present a document model which allows to conduct complete multimedia (synchronization), efficient (spatial organization control, segmentation, material and logical document structuration) and semantic (annotations, hyperlinks) analysis, and propose an experimental...

The history of the past four decades of the theory and application of additive conjoint measurement (ACM) is characterized by vivid developments of its theoretical foundation (cf. Luce and Tukey, 1964; Krantz et al., 1971, 2006; Narens, 1974), industrious developments of statistical and computational implementations (cf. Karabatsos and Ullrich, 2002; Karabatsos and Sheu, 2004; Karabatsos, 2005;...

Biology is generally accepted as a mainstream scientific discipline. However, philosophers of science have questioned the scientific method applied in biological sciences, specifically in evolutionary biology, ever since Karl Popper formulated his principle of falsification. Thus the only major theory in biology, Darwin’s theory of evolution, was referred to by Popper as a metaphysical programm...

This paper provides practical operationalizations of criteria for evaluating scientific theories, such as the consistency and falsifiability of theories and the soundness of inferences, that take into account definitions. The precise formulation of these criteria is tailored to the use of automated theorem provers and automated model generators—generic tools from the field of automated reasonin...