Pallidotomy was performed in a parkinsonian patient with off-period foot dystonia. Dystonia appeared at the beginning of surgery and disappeared after the first microelectrode penetration of the globus pallidus, perhaps a micropallidotomy effect. Neuronal recording during dystonia revealed that the mean firing rates were low in both the internal and external segments of the globus pallidus, and...

Acute dystonia is a side effect of antipsychotic medication, and appears shortly after beginning treatment. The movement disorder is characterized by sustained muscle contractions that are typically slow, but rapid dystonia referred to as myoclonic dystonia has also been described. Cranial, pharyngeal and cervical muscles are generally affected causing fixation of the jaw, retrocollis, torticol...

BACKGROUND Munchausen syndrome presenting with psychogenic dystonia is a rare condition. PHENOMENOLOGY SHOWN A psychogenic dystonia case presenting with an acute onset of retrocollis, lower limb dystonia and bizarre gait was diagnosed as Munchausen syndrome. EDUCATIONAL VALUE Recognizing psychogenic dystonia avoids unnecessary investigations and provides successful treatment.

Sensory processing is impaired in focal hand dystonia (FHD), with most previous studies having evaluated only the symptomatic limb. The purpose of this study was to establish whether the sensory system is affected in other types of dystonias and whether the contralateral hand is also involved in FHD. We used a spatial acuity measure (Johnson-Van Boven-Phillips domes) to evaluate sensory spatial...

Primary dystonia is thought to be a disorder of the basal ganglia because the symptoms resemble those of patients who have anatomical lesions in the same regions of the brain (secondary dystonia). However, these two groups of patients respond differently to therapy suggesting differences in pathophysiological mechanisms. Pathophysiological deficits in primary dystonia are well characterized and...

background : deep brain stimulation (dbs) of the globuspallidusinternus (gpi) is recommended as a promising technique for the management of the primary generalized dystonia (pgd) with dyt1 gene mutation. we present the first report of dbs results in iranian patients with dyt1 positive pgd.   methods : nine patients who suffered from severely disabling dyt1 positive pgd consecutively were recrui...

Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions that produce repetitive movements and abnormal postures. Specific information on the prevalence of dystonia has been difficult to establish because the existing epidemiological studies of the condition have adopted different methodologies for case ascertainment, resulting in widely differing reported pre...

BACKGROUND To our knowledge, no study has assessed the validity of family history data provided by probands with adult-onset dystonia. OBJECTIVE To measure the sensitivity and specificity of interviewing patients with primary adult-onset dystonia as a method for obtaining information on dystonia in first-degree relatives. PARTICIPANTS Seventy probands with primary adult-onset dystonia were ...

Focal dystonia is the most common form of primary dystonia characterized by involuntary twisting, abnormal postures and repetitive movements in a specific body part. Musician’s dystonia (MD) is a type of focal task-specific dystonia that presents with loss of voluntary motor control of extensively trained movements when a musician is playing his instrument. The pathophysiology of focal dystonia...