TEHRAN (AP) Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini’s followers, already holding scores of hostages in the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, seized two U.S. consulates and the British Embassy yesterday in an escalating war of nerves against “ the great Satan, America” and its “ evil ” ally. No injuries were reported in the new takeovers in Iran, and it was not known how many new American hostages were seized, if any...

This paper brings together a description and analysis of various aspects the constitutional revolution, as revolt by society in favour law against arbitrary rule state, rather than lower upper classes European revolutions, this being characteristic major Iranian revolts both before after that event. It includes discussion which have generally been neglected, notably ‘politics elimination’ pursu...

the absence of merchants played a significant role in the movement of national oil industry and had undeniable effects on the failure of this movement in 1953. the focus of this study is to find out the reasons why merchants were absent in the great oil national movement. in this study, document analysis was used to respond to the research question. the finding shows that the merchants especial...

the political, social transformation in 1940’s, are counted as an importance point in recent history of iran. for increasing the process of reconstruction, mohammad reza shah conquest and destroyed the opponents of this program using military forces and savak (intelligence agency). these opponents believe in working under the mashroote laws. after devastating these opponents, new opponents appe...

architecture has been always recognized as a framework which is influenced by social beliefs, traditions and interactions and furthermore affects individual soul and tendency. therefore it is impossible to analyze and consequently identify an architectural artifact if not accompanied by analysis of intellectual fundamentals of its contemporary society. the ensemble of sheikh safi al-din which i...

this research endeavors to assess the following questions on the following topic. mohammad khan balouch was one of the political and military elite at the end of safavid dynasty. he was supported by the racial group called balouchs and helped by sunnite sects in southern parts of iran. what were the main factors for his rise? what were the fate and the results of his movement? the rebellion hap...

resistance literature in many arab and non-arab is extensively used as a recent style of literature. some poets applying this style played an important role in the imagination of beautiful and dynamic visualization, and the undertaking lebanese poet, mohammad ali shams al-din is considered as one of them. he also considers other modern contemporary poets, in order to express his viewpoints by u...

qutb al-din mohammad known as abdoll?h-e-qutb, is the mystic and austere of 15-16 centuries whose most important trait of life is his plan of an ideal society organization, called “ekhvan-?b?d”. such a devotional aggregation near the city of jahrom, provoked high sensitivity and prompted disagreements, because of this period’s advent. since, after several centuries, there have been remained not...