Oromucosal midazolam (Buccolam™) is a benzodiazepine approved for the treatment of pediatric patients with acute, prolonged, convulsive seizures. This article reviews the pharmacologic properties of oromucosal midazolam and its clinical efficacy and tolerability for the treatment of prolonged acute convulsive seizures in pediatric patients aged 3 months to <18 years. Midazolam exerts its action...

BACKGROUND Rapid treatment of status epilepticus (SE) is associated with better outcomes. Diazepam and midazolam are commonly used, but the optimal agent and administration route is unclear. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine by systematic review if nonintravenous (non-IV) midazolam is as effective as diazepam, by any route, in terminating SE seizures in children and adults. Time to se...

INTRODUCTION Introduced in the early 1960s, diazepam remains among the most frequently prescribed benzodiazepine-type sedatives and hypnotics. Patients with chronic use of short-acting benzodiazepines are frequently switched to diazepam because the accumulating, long-acting metabolite, N-desmethyl-diazepam, prevents benzodiazepine-associated withdrawal symptoms, which can occur during trough pl...

OBJECTIVE To investigate pharmacological interactions of diazepam with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. METHODS Non selective cyclooxygenase enzyme inhibitors (100 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid, 10 mg/kg inhibitors (100 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid, 10 mg/kg indomethacin, and 10 mg/kg diclofenac), a selective cyclooxygnase-1 inhibitor (10 mg/kg acetylsalicylic acid), and a selective cyclooxy...

BACKGROUND Loss of parvalbumin interneurons in the hippocampus is a robust finding in schizophrenia brains. Rats exposed during embryonic day 17 to methylazoxymethanol acetate exhibit characteristics consistent with an animal model of schizophrenia, including decreased parvalbumin interneurons in the ventral hippocampus. We reported previously that peripubertal administration of diazepam preven...

BackgroundIdeal rescue treatments for acute treatment of seizure clusters should be easy to administer, so it is important assess user perceptions these treatments. Diazepam nasal spray designed have a rapid, noninvasive, and socially acceptable route administration. Patient caregiver (including care partner) responses surveys from phase 3 safety study diazepam are reported.MethodsThe enrolled ...

Background: Stress is the causative factor for various diseases and disorders faced by majority of diseased population. The leaves Sambucus nigra (S. nigra) are attributed to neuropharmacological properties as per literature. Considering above, S. hydroalcoholic extract was tested adaptogenic activity in animals. Objective: study deals with evaluation using cold immobilization footshock induced...

Despite its pharmacological relevance, the mechanism of the development of tolerance to the action of benzodiazepines is essentially unknown. The acute sedative action of diazepam is mediated via alpha1-GABA(A) receptors. Therefore, we tested whether chronic activation of these receptors by diazepam is sufficient to induce tolerance to its sedative action. Knock-in mice, in which thealpha1-,alp...

One hundred and eighteen cigarette smokers who wished to give up were randomly assigned to receive either clonidine (n=42), diazepam (n—38) or placebo (n=38) in a double-blind trial. All subjects also received at least three sessions of behavioural treatment. End of treatment abstinence rates for clonidine, diazepam and placebo groups were 69%, 40% and 40% respectively (p<0.01). At later follow...

Epilepsy represents a personal and major community burden because about one-third of epileptic patients remain resistant to medical treatment. Flupirtine, as potassium channel opener, can be rational template for the treatment epilepsy. To investigate flupirtine +/- celecoxib versus diazepam anticonvulsant role on induced epilepsy in mice. Generalized seizures status epilepticus were by pentyle...