This paper presents an energy management strategy to supply residential load by hybrid fuel cell power plant (FCPP). Economical fuel cell (FC) model includes thermal load, local electrical load, operational cost, startup cost and different tariffs on electricity during the day hour is discussed.  Several Strategies have been presented for supplying residential load (electrical and thermal loads...

Micro-damage of bone tissue is known to regulate bone turnover. However, it is unknown if individual bone cells can differentiate between membrane deformation and micro-injury. We generated osteoblasts from mouse bone marrow or bone morphogenetic protein 2-transfected C2C12 cells. Single cells were mechanically stimulated by indentation with the atomic force microscopy probe with variable force...

In cardiovascular tissue engineering, mechanical stimulation of tissue-engineered constructs is known to improve tissue properties. During tissue culture, the mechanical properties of the tissue construct change. To impose a predefined deformation protocol and to avoid negative effects of excessive strain, it is desired to monitor and control deformations during load application. In a previous ...

We determined inhomogeneity of strains around discontinuities as well as changes in orientation of collagen fibrils under applied load in skin. Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) images of collagen fibrils were obtained at different strain magnitudes. Changes in collagen orientation were analyzed using Fast Fourier Transforms (FFT) while strain inhomogeneity was determined at different distances ...

This paper describes the instrumentation and computer interface design for an extrusion tool to monitor certain process parameters during forward cold extrusion. A load sensing component, i.e. load cell was designed and manufactured to measure the extrusion forces. The load cell consisted of an individual component within a die set mounted in a 200-tonne hydraulic press, designed to study forwa...

Raman spectroscopy is used as a probe of ultrastructural (molecular) changes in both the mineral and matrix (protein and glycoprotein, predominantly type I collagen) components of murine cortical bone as it responds to loading in the elastic regime. At the ultrastructural level, crystal structure and protein secondary structure distort as the tissue is loaded. These structural changes are follo...

the repetitious nature of propelling a wheelchair has been associated with the high incidence of injury among manual wheelchair users (mwus), mainly in the shoulder, elbow and wrist. recent literature has found a link between handrim biomechanics and risk of injury to the upper extremity. the valid measurement of three‑dimensional net joint forces and torques, however, can lead to a better unde...

a closed form three-dimensional solution is presented for determination of the local buckling (cell buckling) load of the nanosheets. moreover, an expression is proposed for the effective 2d young’s modulus of the unit cell of the nanosheet. in this regard, a three-dimensional efficient space-frame-like geometrical model with angular and extensional compliances is considered to investigate stab...

We present a novel approach to probe elastic properties of polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules. The method is based on measurements of the capsule load-deformation curves with the atomic force microscope. The experiment suggests that at low applied load deformations of the capsule shell are elastic. Using elastic theory of membranes we relate force, deformation, elastic moduli, and charact...