Background Defensive medicine prompts physicians not to admit high-risk patients who need intensive care. This phenomenon not only decreases the quality of healthcare services, but also wastes scarce health resources. Defensive medicine occurs in negative and positive forms. Hence, the present study aimed to determine frequency of positive and negative defensive medicine behaviors and their und...

Although basketball is a dualistic sport, with all players competing on both offense and defense, almost all of the sport’s conventional metrics are designed to summarize offensive play. As a result, player valuations are largely based on offensive performances and to a much lesser degree on defensive ones. Steals, blocks and defensive rebounds provide only a limited summary of defensive effect...

background defensive medicine prompts physicians not to admit high-risk patients who need intensive care. this phenomenon not only decreases the quality of healthcare services, but also wastes scarce health resources. defensive medicine occurs in negative and positive forms. hence, the present study aimed to determine frequency of positive and negative defensive medicine behaviors and their und...

Background: The practice of defensive medicine in the United Kingdom has not been well explored in the British medical literature. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of the practice of defensive medicine in the UK among hospital doctors and factors affecting it. Methods: A survey was designed, with a detailed seventeen point questionnaire. Defensive medicine practice was a...

D espitc widespread use of the term in the current health policy debate, there is limited understanding of-—let alone consensus on-the true nature of defensive medicine. This chapter explores the concept of defensive medic inc. First, it sets forth the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA’s) definition and compares it with alternative approaches to defining defensive medicine. Second. it explor...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the patient safety culture in an outpatient setting in Beijing and explore the meaning and implications of the safety culture from the perspective of health workers and patients. METHODS A mixed methods approach involving a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews was adopted. Among the 410 invited staff members, 318 completed the Hospital Survey of Patient Safet...

BACKGROUND Bias due to social desirability has long been of concern to evaluators relying on self-report data. It is conceivable that health program evaluation is particularly susceptible to social desirability bias as individuals may be inclined to present themselves or certain health behaviors in a more positive light and/or appease the course leader. Thus, the influence of social desirabilit...

Research findings within posttraumatic growth (PTG) and terror management theory (TMT) currently appear contradictory. Following confrontations with mortality, PTG research demonstrates intrinsic goal shifts, whereas TMT suggests extrinsic shifts. The current studies examine factors contributing to these inconsistent results. Study 1 demonstrates that perceived death threat is associated with P...

Long-standing theories have suggested high self-esteem (SE) can assume qualitatively different forms that are related to defensiveness. The authors explored whether some high-SE individuals are particularly defensive because they harbor negative self-feelings at less conscious levels, indicated by low implicit SE. In Study 1, participants high in explicit SE but low in implicit SE showed the hi...

BACKGROUND The relationship between defensive pessimism, self-esteem, and achievement goals is a controversial issue. The main contribution of this research is the adoption of a person-centered approach to explore the existence of differentiated profiles of university students, which combine self-esteem and defensive pessimism. In addition, we analyze whether these profiles differ in their achi...