SUMMARY This paper presents a standard cell-based frequency synthesizer with dynamic frequency counting (DFC) for multiplying input reference frequency by N times. The dynamic frequency counting loop uses variable time period to estimate and tune the frequency of digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) which enhances frequency detection's resolution and loop stability. Two ripple counters serve a...

BACKGROUND Optimal timing of definitive treatment of femoral shaft fractures in patients with multiple injuries remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the impact of timing of definitive treatment (early, delayed, or damage-control orthopedics [DCO]) of femoral shaft fractures on the incidence of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mortality rate, and hospital length of sta...

This research examines an approach to modeling and simulating distributed object computing (DOC) systems as a set of discrete software components mapped onto a set of networked processing nodes. Our overall modeling approach has clearly separated hardware and software components enabling systems level, distributed co-design engineering. The distributed co-design engineering refers to a formal a...

In this paper design and simulation of a 4.3 – 5.4 GHz LC digitally controlled oscillator (LC DCO) in IBM 7RF 0.18μm CMOS technology are presented. Wide gigahertz tuning range is achieved by using two LC DCOs, sharing same structure. DCO is made of one NMOS negative impedance transistor pair and LC tank, which consists of high quality inductor and two switched capacitor arrays for coarse and fi...

BACKGROUND Maintaining adequate organ perfusion during high-risk surgery requires continuous monitoring of cardiac output to optimise haemodynamics. Oesophageal Doppler Cardiac Output monitoring (DCO) is commonly used in this context, but has some limitations. Recently, the cardiac output estimated by pulse pressure analysis- (PPCO) was developed. This study evaluated the agreement of cardiac o...

We present a global data set of free tropospheric ozone–CO correlations with 2× 2.5 spatial resolution from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) satellite instruments for each season of 2008. OMI and AIRS have near-daily global coverage of ozone and CO respectively and observe coincident scenes with similar vertical sensitivities. The resulting ozone–CO ...

32 33 We present a global data set of free tropospheric ozone-CO correlations with 2 o × 2.5 o 34 spatial resolution from the OMI and AIRS satellite instruments for each season of 2008. 35 OMI (ozone) and AIRS (CO) have near daily global coverage and observe coincident 36 scenes with similar vertical sensitivities. The resulting ozone-CO correlations are highly 37 statistically significant (pos...

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is an expansive knowledge domain within the Design, Construction and Operation (DCO) industry

Direct-current biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) converts bipolar OFDM signals into unipolar non-negative by introducing a high DC bias, which satisfies the requirement that signal transmitted intensity modulated/direct detection (IM/DD) must be positive. However, bias results in low power efficiency of DCO-OFDM. An adaptively was proposed, could designed with...

Visible light communication (VLC) is recommended for indoor transmissions in 5G network, whereby DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) is adopted to eliminate the inter-symbol interference (ISI) but suffers from considerable performance loss induced by clipping distortion. In this paper, bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative demapping and decoding (BI...