Purpose – Strategic alignment is a theory-based state that is considered as crucial for organizations in order to realize performance gains from information technology (IT) investments and deployments. Within the domain of purchasing and supply chain management there has been a growing interest on how purchasing strategy can be effectively aligned with IT and what conditions facilitate this sta...

The paper extends our pervious work on solving multi-contingency transient stability constrained optimal power flow problems (MC-TSCOPF) with the approach of particles swarm optimization (PSO). A hybrid PSO method that incorporates with a new wavelet theory based mutation operation, intends to improve the searching strategies on previously used PSO methods, is proposed to solve MC-TSCOPF proble...

There has been sustained interest in explaining why firms adopt different management accounting practices. This paper applies contingency theory to respond empirically to calls by Gerdin (2005), Tillema (2005) and Chenhall (2007) to increase understanding of factors that explain management accounting sophistication. We examine the impact of a range of potentially contingent variables on a broad...

Transport projects are regularly subjected to cost misperformance. The contingency set aside cover any increases in due risk and uncertainty issues is often insufficient. We review approaches that have been used estimate a contingency. show some such as reference class forecasting, which underpins the planning fallacy theory, take biased view formulate Indeed, there perception risks uncertainti...

Although much has been written about TQM, little attention has been paid to the potential effects of contextual factors on TQM and TQM–performance relationships. The use of organizational theory to formulate propositions regarding the effects of such factors is especially scarce in the TQM literature. This study uses institutional theory and contingency theory as the basis to test a number of s...

Three studies explored the role of hedonic contingency theory as an explanation for the link between positive mood and cognitive flexibility. Study 1 examined the determinants of activity choice for participants in happy, sad, or neutral moods. Consistent with hedonic contingency theory, happy participants weighted potential for creativity as well as the pleasantness of the task more heavily in...

Contingency is necessary to mitigate and control risk associated with construction projects. Successful contingency estimation and risk mitigation strategies can help project managers to effectively control cost and schedule. Some practitioners mitigate risk by transferring it to another party with less effort and minimum cost. However, this may lead to undesirable results such as; useless depl...

In studies of contingency assessment a participant is asked to judge the relationship between events, a cue and an outcome. Although there are various forms of the task, a discrete trial format with a single cue and a single outcome often is used. On each trial, a cue may, or may not, be presented, following which an outcome may, or may not, be presented. Various cues and outcomes have been use...

Contingency information is information about the occurrence or nonoccurrence of an effect when a possible cause is present or absent. Under the evidential evaluation model, instances of contingency information are transformed into evidence and causal judgment is based on the proportion of relevant instances evaluated as confirmatory for the candidate cause. In this article, two experiments are ...