The paper attempts to rationalize cooperation in the one-shot prisoners’ dilemma (PD). It starts by introducing (and preliminarily investigating) a new kind of equilibrium (differing from Aumann’s correlated equilibria) according to which the players’ actions may be correlated (sect. 2). In PD the Pareto-optimal among these equilibria is joint cooperation. Since these equilibria seem to contrad...

The name Carex poeppigii (sect. Echinochlaenae) is validated and a new combination in South American Carex, C. vixdentata (sect. Spirostachyae), is made here. Also, the taxonomic status of C. aueri is discussed, and this name is placed in the synonymy of C. reichei (sect. Arenariae).

The paper attempts to rationalize cooperation in the one-shot prisoners’ dilemma (PD). It starts by introducing (and preliminarily investigating) a new kind of equilibrium (differing from Aumann’s correlated equilibria) according to which the players’ actions may be correlated (sect. 2). In PD the Pareto-optimal among these equilibria is joint cooperation. Since these equilibria seem to contrad...

We present a multilevel algorithm based on nonsymmetric collocation with compactly supported radial basis functions for the solution of nonlinear partial diierential equations. At the operator level this algorithm can be viewed as a Newton method. Details of the algorithm as well as numerical experiments are discussed. x1. Introduction Radial basis function (RBF) methods have been studied by va...

UNLABELLED Alternaria is a ubiquitous fungal genus that includes saprobic, endophytic and pathogenic species associated with a wide variety of substrates. In recent years, DNA-based studies revealed multiple non-monophyletic genera within the Alternaria complex, and Alternaria species clades that do not always correlate to species-groups based on morphological characteristics. The Alternaria co...

Egg placement by herbivorous insects is an important step in their interaction with their host plants, and is the result of processes operating at different spatial and temporal scales. Although several studies have examined egg-placement patterns at different scales, this has rarely been achieved simultaneously using a multi-scale hierarchical approach. We studied egg placement in a rare Europ...

The carbonatic scleraxis of Corallium rubrum (L.), commonly known as red coral, is often found infested by excavating sponges. These boring organisms produce galleries inside the compact axis coral in a variety shapes compromising integrity skeleton and reducing its commercial value. Three sponge species, already to bore into rubrum, have been identified colonies collected from Cape Verde Archi...