Long-term streamflow simulations of the Land Surface Models (LSMs) are necessary for comprehensive evaluation hydrological responses to climate change. The high complexity and uncertainty in LSM modelling require model calibration improve simulation performance stability. Objective functions commonly used process, choice objective plays a crucial role identification. Kling Gupta Efficiency (KGE...

This article analyses the representation of Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi in Bernhard Setzwein’s Der böhmische Samurai (2017) and Heinrich Mann Colm Tóibín’s The Magician (2021). discussion is situated a number wider contexts, including literary European Studies within German Irish Literary Studies; existing representations federalists/Europeanists; actual thought Mann; oeuvre novelists Setzwein T...

Parameter specification usually has significant influence on the performance of land surface models (LSMs). However, estimating the parameters properly is a challenging task due to the following reasons: (1) LSMs usually have too many adjustable parameters (20 to 100 or even more), leading to the curse of dimensionality in the parameter input space; (2) LSMs usually have many output variables i...

Infrared spectrophotometry is rapidly assuming an important place in the biological sciences. Its value derives from the fact that each organic compound has a characteristic and distinct infrared spectrum that can be used to identify it (Randall et al., 1949). The biologist working with cells or tissues is confronted by a highly complex mixture of substances. The infrared spectrum of a cell, th...

This paper investigates the robustness of recent findings on the effect of parental education and income on child health. We are particularly concerned about spurious correlation arising from the potential endogeneity of parental income and education. We adopt an instrumental variables approach and our results suggest that the parental income and education effects are generally larger than are ...

of a specific reaction, which in the normal person takes place as a result of the presence in the stomach of a specific factor in the food (extrinsic) and a factor in the gastric juice (intrinsic) (Castle, 1929; Castle et al., 1931). In pernicious ansemia, disturbances of the gastro-intestinal tract and of the central nervous system are associated. Neural (Smithburn and Zerfas, 1931; Goldhamer ...

The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China has experienced significant land cover and climate change since the beginning of the 21st century. However, a reasonable simulation of evapotranspiration (ET) and its response to environmental factors are still unclear. For this study, to simulate ET and its response to climate and land cover change in Xinjiang, China from 2001 to 2012, we used the...

This study assesses the analysis performance of a hybrid DEnKF-variational data assimilation (DA) method (DEnVar) for assimilating the MODIS snow cover fraction (SCF) into the Common Land Model (CoLM). Coupling a deterministic ensemble Kalman filter (DEnKF) with a one-dimensional variational DA method (1DVar), DEnVar without observation perturbations is a two-step DA method. That is, the analys...