OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the effects of locally applied heat and cold treatments on skin and intraarticular temperature in patients with arthritis. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with arthritis of the knee were divided at random into 4 treatment groups (ice chips, nitrogen cold air, ligno-paraffin, and placebo short wave). A temperature probe was inserted into the knee joint cavity and...

[1] On the basis of moored (35 W, 0 and 23 W, 0 ) and satellite observations, we contrast the upper equatorial Atlantic variability during 2002 with those during 2005. Inspection of the interannual boreal summer cold tongue variability revealed a warm (cold) event in 2002 (2005), with relaxed (intensified) winds in the west and the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) embedded in a shallower (deeper) ...

The relationship between storms and extreme ocean waves in the North Sea is assessed using a long-period wave data set and storms identified in the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim). An ensemble sensitivity analysis is used to provide information on the spatial and temporal forcing from mean sea-level pressure and surface wind associated with extreme ocean wave height responses. Extreme o...

It is hard to stabilize the p-wave superfluid state of cold atomic gas in free space due to inelastic collisional losses. We consider the p-wave Feshbach resonance in an optical lattice, and show that it is possible to have a stable p-wave superfluid state where the multiatom collisional loss is suppressed through the quantum Zeno effect. We derive the effective Hamiltonian for this system, and...

Considering the magneto-hydrodynamic equations in a non-relativistic multi uid framework, we study the behavior of small amplitude perturbations in cold quark matter. Magneto-hydrodynamic equations, along with a suitable equation of state for the cold quark matter, are expanded using the reductive perturbation method. It is shown that in small amplitude approximation, such a medium should be co...

Mammalian cold thermoreceptors encode steady-state temperatures into characteristic temporal patterns of action potentials. We propose a mechanism for the encoding process. It is based on Plant's ionic model of slow wave bursting, to which stochastic forcing is added. The model reproduces firing patterns from cat lingual cold receptors as the parameters most likely to underlie the thermosensiti...

During boreal winters, cold waves over India are primarily due to transport of cold air from higher latitudes. However, the processes associated with these cold waves are not yet clearly understood. Here by diagnosing a suite of datasets, we explore the mechanisms leading to the development and maintenance of these cold waves. Two types of cold waves are identified based on observed minimum sur...