BACKGROUND: Muscle injuries are a common manifestation of exercise and non-mechanical factors such as drugs, genetic defects, systemic diseases. Despite their clinical importance, the cellular molecular mechanisms muscle injury repair poorly understood, which hamper development effective interventions. OBJECTIVE: This review is an attempt to recognize basic principles skeletal regeneration proc...

Autophagy is a self-degradative process that is important for balancing sources of energy at critical times in development and in response to nutrient stress. Autophagy also plays a housekeeping role in removing misfolded or aggregated proteins, clearing damaged organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes, as well as eliminating intracellular pathogens. Thus, autopha...