Caffeine is a well-known stimulant that is added as an ingredient to various carbonated soft drinks. Due to its stimulatory and other physiological effects, individuals desire to know the exact amount of caffeine consumed from these beverages. This study analyzed the caffeine contents of 56 national-brand and 75 private-label store-brand carbonated beverages using high-performance liquid chroma...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this placebo-controlled, double-blind cross-over study was to compare the effects of two commercially available soft drinks on metabolic rate. METHODS After giving informed consent, twenty healthy men and women were randomly assigned to ingest 12 ounces of Celsiustrade mark and, on a separate day, 12 ounces of Diet Coke(R). All subjects completed both trials using a ...

Dental caries is an infectious disease involving all age groups. Adolescence is a period in which the risk for dental caries remains especially high. Many factors, some unique to the teenage years, contribute to the initiation and progression of dental caries in this age group. One factor with the potential for being significant is the adolescent diet, especially the high consumption of sugars....

Bacterial loads of Street served foods and cut fruits sold in open market was assessed. The mean viable plate count was 2.4x107/gm, highest being 7x10 /gm found in meat group foods. Eighteen percent food samples, mostly, either processed foods, carbonated drinks or foods served boiling hot were found sterile. All other foods examined yielded very high standard aerobic plate count per gram, indi...

The caffeine content of 10 energy drinks, 19 carbonated sodas, and 7 other beverages was determined. In addition, the variability of the caffeine content of Coca-Cola fountain soda was evaluated. Caffeine was isolated from the samples by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. The caffeine concentration of the caffeinated energy drinks ran...

BACKGROUND Dietary exposure to high caffeine is a health risk for children. Governments are considering measures to restrict the sale of formulated caffeinated beverages (FCB) to children. Objectives. To investigate community concern about sales of high-caffeine drinks to children among Western Australian adults and describe Australian and New Zealand regulatory processes regarding FCB. METHO...

BACKGROUND Soft drink consumption may have adverse effects on bone mineral density (BMD), but studies have shown mixed results. In addition to displacing healthier beverages, colas contain caffeine and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), which may adversely affect bone. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that consumption of cola is associated with lower BMD. DESIGN BMD was measured at the spine and 3 hip sites...

AIM To analyse serious eye injuries caused by bottles containing pressurised drinks. METHODS Retrospective review of the databases of US, Hungarian, and Mexican eye injury registries. RESULTS In the combined database (12 889 injuries), 90 cases (0.7%) were caused by bottle tops or glass splinters. The incidence varied widely: 0.3% (United States), 3.1% (Hungary), and 0.9% (Mexico), as did t...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this animal study was to evaluate the possible effects of Carbonated Soft Drink consumption on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. In the experimental groups (A&B), the water in the dietary regimen was replaced with soft dri...

Formation, evolution and vanishing of bubbles are common phenomena in nature, which can be easily observed in boiling or falling water, carbonated drinks, gas-forming electrochemical reactions and so on. However, the morphology and the growth dynamics of the bubbles at nanoscale have not been fully investigated owing to the lack of proper imaging tools that can visualize nanoscale objects in th...