Bulk-arrival queues with single servers that provide bulk service are widespread in the real world, e.g., elevators in buildings, people-movers in amusement parks, air-cargo delivery planes, and automated guided vehicles. Much of the literature on this topic focusses on the development of the theory for waiting time and number in such queues. We develop the theory for the number stranded, i.e.,...

There is a growing need to rapidly scan bulk air cargo for contraband such as illicit drugs and explosives. Ideally, cargo containers must be imaged without unpacking and with scan times of less than one minute. Fast neutron techniques are particularly attractive for screening cargo as they can be used to determine cargo composition. The Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organisation...

Macropinocytosis has long been known as a primary method for cellular intake of fluid-phase and membrane-bound bulk cargo. This review seeks to re-examine the latest studies to emphasize how cancers exploit macropinocytosis to further their tumorigenesis, including details in how macropinocytosis can be adapted to serve diverse functions. Furthermore, this review will also cover the latest ende...

Macroautophagy is a bulk degradation process that mediates the clearance of long-lived proteins, aggregates, or even whole organelles. This process includes the formation of autophagosomes, double-membrane structures responsible for delivering cargo to lysosomes for degradation. Currently, other alternative autophagy pathways have been described, which are independent of macroautophagic key pla...

The bulk of neuronally synthesized proteins destined for the axon is transported in a phase of transport approximately 100 times slower (1mm/day) than the vesicular traffic of fast axonal transport (100mm/day). Of late, a number of studies have shed considerable light on the controversies and mechanisms surrounding this slow phase of axonal transport. Along-standing controversy has centered on ...

The agricultural economy of the coastal zone of Queensland and adjacent areas of New South Wales is dominated by sugar production designed for inter-state and overseas export destinations. The modern bulk-cargo terminals which provide shipment facilities at six Queensland sugarports constitute a critical element in a complex system of cultivation, processing, transport and marketing which is cl...

Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. Soluble cargo can be recruited to ER exit sites by signal-mediated processes (cargo capture) or by bulk flow. For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane dom...

Cross docking is a form of operating break-bulk freight terminals in which the receiving products are not stocked but, instead, the incoming cargo is internally transferred to be immediately shipped in distribution trucks. With this approach, inventory costs and lead-times are significantly reduced. In this work, an approximate, continuous, non-stationary queueing model is established to estima...

The dynamics of interaction the large lumps bulk cargo with a conveyor belt while passing through roller supports linear sections is often cause damage on belt. In order to reduce negative impact it proposed isolate surface from by filling small fractions means adding shock device structure that causes increased segregation cargo. A mathematical model located and in zone pulses has been develop...