BACKGROUND Increased brain atrophy rates are common in older people with cognitive impairment, particularly in those who eventually convert to Alzheimer disease. Plasma concentrations of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids and homocysteine are associated with the development of brain atrophy and dementia. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether plasma ω-3 fatty acid concentrations (eicosapentaenoic acid and ...

This paper proposes a framework to simulate patient specific structural Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) from the available MRI scans of Alzheimer’s Disease(AD) subjects. We use a biophysical model of brain deformation due to atrophy that can generate biologically plausible deformation for any given desired volume changes at the voxel level of the brain MRI. Large number of brain regions are se...

Objectives: To assess associations between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels and MRI-based whole-brain atrophy rate in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: We included 99 patients (47 AD, 29 MCI, 23 controls) who underwent lumbar puncture at baseline and repeat MRI. A subgroup of 48 patients underwent a second lumbar puncture. CSF levels of beta-amyloi...

Brain lesions due to leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1)-antibody encephalitis are usually limited to the medial temporal lobe, including the abnormal signal and variable degrees of atrophy. Cases of diffuse cerebral atrophy subsequent to LGI1-antibody encephalitis are rare. Here we report a 74-year-old male patient who developed LGI1-antibody encephalitis, and subsequently with rapid and ...

CONTEXT Brain atrophy has emerged as a useful surrogate marker of disease involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS). The relationship between whole-brain or regional atrophy and cognitive dysfunction is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To determine whether the bicaudate ratio (BCR)-the minimum intercaudate distance divided by brain width along the same line-is increased in MS and to compare the abi...

The pattern of brain atrophy helps to discriminate normal age-related changes from neurodegenerative diseases. Albeit indices of regional brain atrophy have proven to be a parameter useful in the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of some neurodegenerative diseases, indices of absolute regional atrophy still have some important limitations. We propose using indices of relative atrophy f...

To determine whether brain atrophy differs between the two subtypes of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS), and PSP parkinsonism (PSP-P), and whether such atrophy directly relates to clinical deficits and the severity of tau deposition. We compared 24 pathologically confirmed PSP cases (17 PSP-RS and 7 PSP-P) with 22 controls from a Sydney brain donor program. V...

Rasmussen Encephalitis is a rare, immune mediated disease characterized by refractory seizures, progressive neurological dysfunction and unilateral hemispheric atrophy. This disorder typically involves single cerebral hemisphere, affecting mainly children adolescents. We report case of in young girl who was admitted with complaints recurrent focal motor seizures involving right upper lower limb...

We measured 366 microsatellite markers genome-wide to search for loci contributing to subcortical white matter ischemic damage (leukoariosis) and brain atrophy in 488 non-Hispanic white subjects (193 men, 295 women; mean age+/-SD=64.1+/-7.7 years; 79% hypertensive) from 223 sibships recruited through > or =2 members with essential hypertension diagnosed before age 60. Leukoariosis was quantitat...