CD40-CD40L blockade has potent immunosuppressive effects in cardiac allograft rejection but is less effective in the presence of inflammatory signals. To better understand the factors that mediate CD40-CD40L blockade-resistant rejection, we studied the effects of stimulation through glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR), a costimulatory protein expressed by regulatory and effector ...

The negative impact of COVID-19 on adults with underlying chronic kidney disease, including transplant recipients, has been well documented. Children have a less severe presentation and better prognosis compared to adults. However, little is known regarding the spectrum infection in children adolescents autoimmune disorders necessitating solid organ long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Case Rep...

Acute allograft rejection is a major complication postlung transplantation and is the main risk factor for the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. Acute rejection is characterized by intragraft infiltration of activated mononuclear cells. The ELR-negative CXC chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11) are potent chemoattractants for mononuclear cells and act through their shared recept...

PURPOSE To examine the effect of anti-LFA-1 and anti-ICAM-1 antibody treatment on orthotopic corneal graft survival in a mouse model. METHODS Anti-LFA-1 and anti-ICAM-1 antibodies were administered intraperitoneally before and shortly after orthotopic corneal transplantation. Grafts were observed by biomicroscopy, and survival times were determined. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and delayed-ty...

Acute rejection (AR) in kidney transplant recipients is a major risk factor for chronic allograft failure and reduction in early and long term mean graft survival. New immunosuppressant agents have been developed to reduce the incidence of these episodes (1). Immunobiological drugs such as monoclonal anti-interleukin-2 receptor antibodies have shown promise in this direction; they have a more r...

BACKGROUND Using kidneys from deceased donors is an available strategy to meet the growing need of grafts. However, higher incidences of delayed graft function (DGF) and acute rejection exert adverse effects on graft outcomes. Since ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and ongoing process of immune response to grafts are the major causes of DGF and acute rejection, the optimal induction interventi...

Kidney transplantation remains the most effective modality for the treatment of end-stage renal disease. The development of induction therapy has significantly reduced the incidence of acute rejection within the first six months following kidney transplantation. As a result, induction therapy is typically administered in the majority of kidney transplants. Moreover, early graft function has als...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies) are a standard of care for advanced melanoma. Novel toxicities comprise immune-related adverse events (irAE). With increasing use, irAE require recognition, practical management strategies, and multidisciplinary care. We retrospectively evaluated the incidence, kinetics, and management of irAE in 41 patients receiving anti-PD-1...

BACKGROUND Kidney transplantation is being introduced gradually for the treatment of end-stage renal disease in patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. Our aim was to review the outcomes of kidney transplantation in HIV-positive recipients who were being treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS Eligible papers were English language manuscripts, ...