OBJECTIVE To quantify benefit and harm of epidural analgesia, compared with systemic opioid analgesia, in adults having surgery under general anesthesia. BACKGROUND It remains controversial whether adding epidural analgesia to general anesthesia decreases postoperative morbidity and mortality. METHODS We searched CENTRAL, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and BIOSIS till July 2012. We included random...

This review describes the beneficial effects of the use of epidural drugs for pre-emptive analgesia, intraoperative analgesia with an inhalant-sparing effect, and prolonged postoperative analgesia. Epidural morphine oxymorphone, or hydromorphone is recommended for use in small animals in combination with a local anesthetic of appropriate duration for procedures involving the hind end, although ...

Objective: This study tests the hypothesis that epidural anesthesia during, and epidural analgesia after, lower extremity vascular surgery decreases the incidence of postoperative morbidity compared with general anesthesia. Method: Using a prospective, randomized, non-blinded clinical trial design, 82 patients scheduled for lower extremity revascularization surgery were randomized to either epi...

Anesthesia providers in low-income countries may infrequently provide regional anesthesia techniques for obstetrics due to insufficient training and supplies, limited manpower, and a lack of perceived need. In 2007, Kybele, Inc. began a 5-year collaboration in Ghana to improve obstetric anesthesia services. A program was designed to teach spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery and spinal labor...

Ketamine is a drug that is commonly used for anesthesia and analgesia worldwide. Although it has an excellent safety profile, cognitive and psychotomimetic adverse effects are commonly associated with its administration. This review describes the clinical applications, potential adverse events, neurobiological, and behavioral effects of ketamine used at subanesthetic doses in humans.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Analgesia Nociception Index is an index used to measure the levels of pain, sympathetic system activity and heart rate variability during general anesthesia. In our study, Analgesia Nociception Index monitoring in two groups who had undergone spinal stabilization surgery and were administered propofol-remifentanil (Total Intravenous Anesthesia) and sevoflurane-remi...