This article analyzes the experience with performance contracts between developing country governments and the managers of their state owned enterprises. It identifies how problems of information asymmetry, incentives, and commitment can lead to shirking. It applies this conceptual framework to a sample of 12 contracts with monopoly state enterprises in 6 developing countries and finds that all...

In light of the strategic and economic importance of steelmaking it is almost inevitable that governments will become involved in the industry's affairs. The task facing the historian of the industry is to explain the nature and consequences of this involvement. Steven Tolliday used the term "institutional impactedness" to describe government-business relations in interwar Britain [17]. After 1...

The paper discusses China's post-reform regional economic growth imbalance relative to input disparity in technology, physical and human capital. Financial sources and types of ownership are used to construct physical capital. Technology is measured by innovation investment, and human capital is constructed from schooling years per capita. The results show that domestic bank loans and foreign-o...

Many companies on China’s stock markets have traditionall y had separate , restricted classes of shares for domestic residents and foreigners. These shares are identical other than for who can own them, but foreigners have generally paid only about one-quarter the price paid by domestic residents . We argue that the generally higher level (and volatility) of domestic share prices is consisten t...

To achieve carbon neutrality, China is working toward a green transition where key focus to promote innovation among privately-owned enterprises (POEs). Reverse mixed ownership reform, represented by the participation of state-owned capital, major direction in current reform Chinese (SOEs). Nevertheless, few studies have thoroughly investigated impact capital on POEs. Thus, this research aims a...

in this research by applying the theoretical framework of socio-technical systems and literature review using the form of e-government has been identified as a core component. to realize the model results and the results indicated that each of the six components of e-government in 1404 particularly in the areas of communication and access to digital content. based on the results of the highest ...