Innovative Work Behavior (IWB) of employees is one the essential requirements for organizations to excel in competition today's dynamic world. Nowadays, can keep current pace through competitive advantage. But acquire advantage, must be creative and innovative their work-related behaviors. SMEs Pakistan are suffering several challenges this regard. Therefore, research study designed examine rol...

Modernization theory is a cornerstone of much political science, despite the mounting evidence against its predictions. In this paper, we argue that theory's failings are rooted in predictions not conditioned on history and cultural configurations. We outline which interplay distribution power configurations lead to three distinct self-reinforcing paths development, with very different state-so...

In many social hierarchies, more subordinate individuals adjust their behaviour according to the presence or behaviour of more dominant individuals. In this study, it is shown that male mice form linear dominance hierarchies characterized by individuals attacking in bursts. Temporal pairwise-correlation analysis reveals that non-dominant individuals avoid behaving aggressively concurrently with...

We propose a variant of probabilistic P Systems, Attributed Probabilistic P systems (APP systems), in which objects are annotated with attributes. We use APP systems for modelling social behaviours of some species of primates. In this context attributes can represent position of the animals in the environment, age of the animal, dominance level, aggressiveness, etc. As in standard P systems, th...

Over the years, concept of despotic leadership (DL) has emerged as a hot topic in academic and professional debates on leadership. To this end, study aims to synthesize existing literature business management scholarship. We utilize systematic review technique systematically identify, select, evaluate scholarly publications highlight emerging topics, theories, consequences at workplace. In addi...