This article investigates the theoretical and numerical analysis as well applications of three-dimensional theory first strain gradient elasticity. The corresponding continuous discrete variational formulations are established with error estimates stemming from continuity coercivity within a Sobolev space framework. An implementation isogeometric Ritz–Galerkin method is provided open-source sof...

The interaction between elasticity and capillarity is used to produce three-dimensional structures through the wrapping of a liquid droplet by a planar sheet. The final encapsulated 3D shape is controlled by tailoring the initial geometry of the flat membrane. Balancing interfacial energy with elastic bending energy provides a critical length scale below which encapsulation cannot occur, which ...

In the presence of a nonadsorbing polymer, monodisperse rod-like particles assemble into colloidal membranes, which are one-rod-length-thick liquid-like monolayers of aligned rods. Unlike 3D edgeless bilayer vesicles, colloidal monolayer membranes form open structures with an exposed edge, thus presenting an opportunity to study elasticity of fluid sheets. Membranes assembled from single-compon...

A technique of idealising frame models using substructures is outlined. All joints are modelled in 3D but, using substructures, each 3D joint is converted to an equivalent stiffness element. The slender regions between the joints are modelled using beam elements. Coupling between the substructures and beam elements is carried out in a manner that conforms with the theory of elasticity. Post-ela...

Three-dimensional graphene architectures in the macroworld can in principle maintain all the extraordinary nanoscale properties of individual graphene flakes. However, current 3D graphene products suffer from poor electrical conductivity, low surface area and insufficient mechanical strength/elasticity; the interconnected self-supported reproducible 3D graphenes remain unavailable. Here we repo...

The purpose of this study was to compare large and small arterial elasticity in apparently healthy sedentary and recreationally active adult women, and to examine if age affects large and small arterial elasticity. This cross-sectional study consisted of 43 premenopausal women without overt cardiovascular disease (age = 43.4 ± 4.7 yrs; mean ± SD). The subjects were grouped into a sedentary grou...