OBJECTIVES The SMART (Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends) surveillance programme was begun in 2002 to monitor antimicrobial resistance trends among aerobic and facultative Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from intra-abdominal infections worldwide. METHODS In 2003, 74 medical centres from 23 countries collected isolates for testing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing wa...

A male patient was admitted to a community hospital in Ontario, Canada, with an infected sacral ulcer after returning from India, where he was hospitalized. Carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (isolated from blood cultures), Enterobacter cloacae, and Providencia stuartii (from urine samples), all positive for bla(NDM-1), were recovered. Comparative NDM-1 plasmid analysis suggests both lateral...

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered as a significant global public health challenge, especially in pediatric patients, since the optimal treatment remains undefined. We summarize the therapeutic experience of six cases with carbapenems-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection occurred in pediatric intensive care unit. Related clinical symptoms and examinat...

Twenty-one multiresistant Enterobacter cloacae isolates producing OXA-48 (n=10), CTX-M-15 (n=7) or both (n=4) β-lactamases were detected in a Spanish hospital during a 1-year period (June 2013 to June 2014). The isolates were also resistant to non-β-lactam antimicrobials, further complicating the therapeutic options. Genotyping of the isolates identified two major clones (ST74 and ST66) that ca...

A new phenotypic test, called the Carbapenem Inactivation Method (CIM), was developed to detect carbapenemase activity in Gram-negative rods within eight hours. This method showed high concordance with results obtained by PCR to detect genes coding for the carbapenemases KPC, NDM, OXA-48, VIM, IMP and OXA-23. It allows reliable detection of carbapenemase activity encoded by various genes in spe...

Dissemination of carbapenem resistance among pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria is a looming medical emergency. Efficient spread of resistance within and between bacterial species is facilitated by mobile genetic elements. We hypothesized that wastewater contributes to the dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), and studied this through a cross-sectional observational ...

background nosocomial infections are generally occurring 72 hours after admittance and are not present or incubating prior to admittance. the most common nosocomial infection is urinary tract infection (uti). scanty data are available regarding the nosocomial infections in iranian teaching hospitals. the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of symptomatic nosocomial uti, iden...

Introduction: Enterobacter cloacae strains have been isolated from Eastern Cape hospitalised patients. Methodology: We have molecularly characterised blaOXA-48-, blaIMPand blaVIM-expressing E. cloacae isolates demonstrating resistance to carbapenems from five hospitals by multilocus sequence typing. Organism identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using automated system...

An interregional surveillance program was conducted in the northwestern part of France to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CNSE) isolates and their susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam combinations. Nonduplicate CNSE clinical isolates were prospectively collected from six hospitals between June 2012 and November 2013. MICs of c...

Background: In 2010, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) revised breakpoints for cephalosporins and carbapenems and indicated that extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) testing is no longer necessary for Enterobacteriaceae. We compared the results of the CLSI 2010 and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) MIC breakpoints for Enterobacteriaceae...