introduction: this study aimed to assess the scanning electron microscope (sem) analysis of tooth surface irradiated by erbium:yttrium–aluminum–garnet (er:yag) laser with various parameters. methods: number of 25 extracted human third molars free of caries were used in this study. the teeth were put into 5 groups for laser irradiation as follows: group 1 (power: 0.5 w, energy: 50 mj); group 2 (...

1. The energy balance and activity allocation of eight male and eight female Indian farmers were measured for 4 d during 10 months in both the dry and wet seasons of 1983. 2. All food prepared and eaten was weighed and nutrient values were calculated from food composition tables. 3. Average energy costs per unit mass for fifteen tasks were estimated from data obtained using a Kofranyi-Michaelis...

A total of 24 castrated male Creole were used for digestibility studies on three sugarcane (SC) products: final molasses, SC juice and ground SC. Digestibility of macronutrients were determined in three consecutive experimental trials between 35 and 60 kg BW. The first trial measured the effect of a constant rate of incorporation of those SC products in a control diet (23% on a dry matter (DM) ...

Shirbot (Barbus grypus) as a species with high potential for aquaculture development recently propagated artificially in South Iran Aquaculture Research Center to extend the species diversity in polyculture system. To provide an effective economic diet for this species 9 experimental diets containing three crude protein levels (250, 300, and 350 g kg -1 ) and three metabolizable energy levels (...

concerns related to conservation of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emission has increased energy balance studies in crop production systems. in the present study, six wheat (triticum aestivum) fields were selected from east and west of gorgan, golestan province, iran. during three consecutive growing seasons, data were gathered on energy use in all production practices. then, all the energy us...

Field experiments were carried out at the Agronomy Main Research Farm, O.U.A.T. Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during 2019 and 2020 to find energetics economics of green gram as influenced by varying land configuration nutrient management practices. Split-plot Design was adopted with three replications. Results experiment showed that raised bed method PDM-139 cultivar in combination F6 treatment ga...

An energy system is described in which, in both single-stomached and ruminant animals, the heat increment of feeding is considered to be linearly related to five measurable quantities. For both kinds of animals three of the quantities, with their heat increments in parentheses, are urinary N (wu; kJ/g), faecal organic matter (wd; kJ/g) and positive protein retention (wp; kJ/g). In ruminants the...

I . The protein requirements of lambs were established by measuring nitrogen balance in seventy-four animals given liquid diets which passed direct to the abomasum. Four groups of lambs weighing approximately 8 kg (group I), 13 kg (group z), 21 kg (group 3) and 30 kg (group 4) received diets in which 0-10, 0.15, ozo,o'z5, 0 . 3 0 , 0 3 5 or w4oof thedigestibleenergy was provided as protein (DPE...

Eighty first-litter sows in a commercial piggery were assigned to two feeding treatments during a 26-day lactation. A commercial diet containing an estimated 15% crude protein (CP), 0.65% lysine and 12.5 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg was offered to sows in the control group which consumed 3.04 kg/day. Sows in the treatment group were given a higher quality diet containing 16.4% CP, 0.83% lysine ...