background and objective: neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of meningitis and sepsis worldwide. the factor h binding protein (fhbp) is a key virulence factor of neisseria meningitidis that is able to selectively bind to human factor h, the key regulator of the alternative complement pathway, which it has important implications for meningococcal pathogene- sis and vaccine design. the aim...

background: human cd34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed in human hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) and the small- vessel endothelial cells of a variety of tissues. cd34 plays a critical role as a marker for diagnosis and classification of leukemia. anti cd34 antibodies are used for isolation and purification of hscs from bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood. objective: t...

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an economically important poultry pathogen with a worldwide distribution that may infect a wide range of domestic and wild avian species. The identification of different pathotypes of NDVs plays an important role in the diagnosis and development of vaccines to control and eradicate NDV infections. In our previous study, we showed that mono-specific antibodies ca...

Although immunoassays are the de facto standard for determining subcellular protein localization in individual cells, antibody probe cross-reactivity and fixation artifacts remain confounding factors. To enhance selectivity while providing single-cell resolution, we introduce a subcellular western blotting technique capable of separately assaying proteins in the 14 pL cytoplasm and 2 pL nucleus...

Western blotting is an analytical technique used to detect specific proteins in a given sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate native or denatured proteins by the length of the polypeptide (denaturing conditions) or by the 3-D structure of the protein (native/ non-denaturing conditions). The proteins are then transferred to a membrane (typically nitrocel...

Western blotting sprung from the need to develop a sensitive visual assay for the antigen specificity of monoclonal antibodies. The technique employed SDS-PAGE of protein antigens, electrophoretic replica transfer of gel-resolved proteins to unmodified nitrocellulose sheets, probing the immobilized antigens with hybridomas, and detection of antibody-antigen complexes with radiolabeled staphyloc...

immunodetection is performed. Use of the Criterion Stain Free system eliminates the need for the timeand reagentconsuming traditional methods such as Ponceau S staining used to asses protein transfer prior to detection in western blotting applications. We also demonstrate that, while binding of some monoclonal antibodies may be affected by the Criterion Stain Free method, we have not observed a...

Blotting is a common technique widely used for molecular analysis in life sciences. The Western blot, in particular, is a process of transferring protein samples from a polyacrylamide gel to a blotting membrane and detecting the levels of specific proteins through reactions with primary and secondary antibodies. The state-of-the-art of Western blotting usually generates one blotting membrane pe...

background: the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (elf-emf) on toxoplasma gondii have not been explained yet. the aim of this study was to assess the possible effects of elf-emf on growth, survival time and viability of toxoplasma gondii . in addition, the life span of toxoplasma infected animals was investigated. methods: sixty adult male balb/c mice were used for in vi...