The present study has aimed at finding out whether or not students’ language background and gender bring about a distinction between the frequency and types of metadiscourse elements occurring in their papers. To this end, a dataset of 40 student papers in four series written by native male, nonnative male, native female, and nonnative female writers was analyzed quantitatively and qualitativel...

This paper examines behavioral economics’ use of the positive-normative distinction in its critique of standard rational choice theory as normative, and argues that it departs from Robbins’ understanding of that distinction in ways that suggest behavioral economists themselves do not observe that distinction. One implication of this is that behavioral economists generally do not recognize Putna...

Our image sequence interpretation process, which generates conceptual descriptions of the behaviour of vehicles in real-world traac scenes, essentially treated only a single vehicle (the agent) so far. Simultaneous behaviours of other vehicles in the scene have been formulated only relative to the agent. The approach discussed in this contribution allows us to quantify occurrences and thus to g...

We discuss a range of in vitro and in vivo approaches to deep lexical acquisition, and evaluate a representative sample of each in learning lexical items for a precision grammar. Evaluation focuses particularly on determining the effectiveness of each method at the token and type level, and over the four basic word classes of English. Each method is shown to have particular strengths and weakne...

We investigated the effects of ”personalness” in moral decision-making by examining judgments about moral dilemmas involving damage to owned property that varied in terms of their sentimental (i.e. personal) importance or monetary value. Participants responded to trolley-style dilemmas where an agent could save five objects from destruction by sacrificing a sixth object, either as a means or as...

We describe a Bayesian approach to evaluating children's abuse disclosures and review research demonstrating that children's disclosure of genital touch can be highly probative of sexual abuse, with the probative value depending on disclosure spontaneity and children's age. We discuss how some commentators understate the probative value of children's disclosures by: confusing the probability of...

This essay introduces a symposium on value and exchange as alternative organizing concepts for the pursuit of economic theorizing. These concepts pertain to two distinct conceptual windows though which economic phenomena can be examined. The immediate inspiration for this symposium was Meir Kohn’s (2004) articulation of the distinction, a distinction that in turn was central to James Buchanan’s...

Licensed human vaccines can induce various adverse events in vaccinated patients. Many known vaccine adverse events (VAEs) have been recorded in the package inserts of commercial vaccine products. To better represent and analyse VAEs, we developed the Ontology of Vaccine Adverse Events (OVAE) as an extension of the Ontology of Adverse Events (OAE) and the Vaccine Ontology (VO). OVAE has been us...

How is the outcome of the categorization process represented? This question has gone virtually unaddressed. A notable exception is Barsalou (2012) which proposes that categorization results in a type–token predication, whereby the type representation (e.g. DOG) is predicated of the token representation of the categorized individual (e.g. Fido). Another is Jackendoff (1983) which proposes that c...

reincarnation (tan?sokh) and return (raj?t) are two similar, and at the same time controversial, issues in religious beliefs domain. the first is an important doctrine among great number of religions and philosophical and theosophical schools in world; and the second has also a significant position in some religions. this similarity is so that some people consider them as one doctrine. but this...