Studies of urban ecological systems can be greatly enhanced by combining ecosystem modelling and remote sensing which often requires establishing statistical relationships between field and remote sensing data. At the Central Arizona–Phoenix Long-Term Ecological Research (CAPLTER) site in the southwestern USA, we estimated vegetation abundance from Landsat ETM + acquired at three dates by compu...

in traditional bazaars social interactions, parallel to economic and movement interactions, created a mixed urban space which was dynamic, lively and attractive to the audience. however, modern shopping centers and shopping malls are economy focused and void of variety of urban spaces like traditional bazaars. the presence of public open spaces and urban squares undetectable from traditional ba...

this study examins effects of trade liberalization on the wage inequality between urban and rural labor by utilizing the data of micro-level households’ income and expenditures surveys and trade statistics over 2001-2011. the analysis is carried based on the heckscher–ohlin’s theory in international trade and baker’s taste discrimination theory at firms. we use quantile regression and ordinary ...

In the current era, competition among countries and regions is in fact among cities. Thus, how to measure urban competitiveness precisely is a basic and important question. The two main approaches to this are comprehensive evaluation based on a set of indicators and network analysis based on inter-city relations. However, both have shortcomings. In this study, we introduced structural equation ...

In this paper, we focus on how people perceive the aspect ratio of city squares. Earlier research has focused on distance perception but not so much on the perceived aspect ratio of the surrounding space. Furthermore, those studies have focused on "open" spaces rather than urban areas enclosed by walls, houses and filled with people, cars, etc. In two experiments, we therefore measured, using a...

New Urbanism design principles have been adopted for many urban planning efforts in recent years. The purpose of this paper is studding the structure and space of Shahid Beheshti Square as one of the most important and old squares of Tabriz from the view of new urbanism principals. In order to reaching this purpose the data were collected through a questionnaire distributed among peoples that a...

Technological development generates social changes while providing new tools that can be implemented in the fields of architecture and urban design. It creates need to enrich architects’ competencies with knowledge experience, enabling conscious use technology designing future functional solutions for responsive space optimization accessibility various groups users. This paper presents a teachi...

The objective of this study was to determine the spectral characteristic of nectar-producing flowers visited by nectarivorous birds in urban areas. This study was carried out in the central area of the city of Taubaté, in the northeast of the State of São Paulo. The sample areas included green areas, such as squares and parks, and the vegetation of streets and avenues. Twelve plant species were...