PURPOSE The goal of this study was to determine the relationship of TNF-α and the downregulation of insulin receptor signaling in retinal Müller cells cultured under hyperglycemic conditions and the role of β-adrenergic receptors in regulating these responses. METHODS Retinal Müller cells were cultured in normal (5 mM) or high (25 mM) glucose until 80% confluent and then were reduced to 2% se...

The regulatory action of activators for protein kinase C on the specific binding capacity for recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was studied on various human cell lines. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and oleyl acetyl glycerol (OAG) both are able to rapidly downregulate TNF-binding capacity of normal and malignant cells derived from various tissues. As PMA treatment did ...

We describe here a monoclonal antibody (H398) that immunoprecipitates a human 60-kD tumor necrosis factor (TNF) membrane receptor (p60) and competes with TNF binding to p60 but not to p85 TNF receptors. Despite partial inhibition of TNF binding capacity of cells coexpressing both TNF receptor molecules, H398 uniformly and completely inhibits very distinct TNF responses on a variety of cell line...