Serological assays and a two-tiered test algorithm are recommended for laboratory confirmation of Lyme disease. In the United States, the sensitivity of two-tiered testing using commercially available serology-based assays is dependent on the stage of infection and ranges from 30% in the early localized disease stage to near 100% in late-stage disease. Other variables, including subjectivity in...

The LBNL/NERSC Visportal effort explores ways to deliver advanced Remote/Distributed Visualization (RDV) capabilities through a Grid-enabled web-portal interface. The effort focuses on latency tolerant distributed visualization algorithms, GUI designs that are more appropriate for the capabilities of web interfaces, and refactoring parallel-distributed applications to work in a N-tiered compone...

BACKGROUND Physicians in the United States sometimes need to evaluate a patient for suspected Lyme borreliosis (LB) who may have acquired the infection in Europe. Using serum samples from European LB patients, we compared the performance of European and US serodiagnostic tests, including newer-generation assays containing Vmp-like sequence, expressed or its C6 peptide. METHODS The sensitivity...

A large number of chemicals may exert adverse effects on the central and/or peripheral nervous system. A commonly recommended strategy for neurotoxicity testing is that of a tiered approach aimed at identifying and characterizing the neurotoxicity of a compound. Guidelines exist in the United States and other countries that define the tests to be utilized in tier 1 testing. To address problems ...

Based on the value system of the supply chain, an analytical procedure which focused on the interactive relationship among the multi-tiered business network is proposed to generate the strategies and the activities for implementing SCM. The proposed methodology begins with analyzing the value system of the three-tiered supply chain and respectively explores the core activities and linkages in b...

©2015 8872147 Canada Inc. or its licensors CMAJ 1 As the burden of alcohol misuse — in terms of disease, trauma and social problems — grows in Canada, increased access to brief interventions is recommended. Such access forms part of a comprehensive two-tiered response involving population-level changes, such as regulating the marketing, pricing and availability of alcohol, and more focused prac...

Emergence of drug-resistant strains of the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and the ineffectiveness of BCG in curtailing Mtb infection makes vaccine development for tuberculosis an important objective. Identifying immunogenic CD8+ T cell peptide epitopes is necessary for peptide-based vaccine strategies. We present a three-tiered strategy for identifying and validating immunogenic pept...

the past decade has seen an enormous increase in the availability of high-information data streams (e.g., genomics) and computational power. these advances, coupled with a strong foundation of toxicological knowledge, have the potential to support remarkable advances in prediction of human risk. this talk will explore a tiered approach to the assessment of the toxicity of chemicals that combine...