Bioactive molecules stored in dentin, such as transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-b1), may be involved in the signaling events related to dental tissue repair. The authors conducted an in vitro evaluation of the amount of TGF-b1 released from dentin slices after treatment with 10% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and ...

Abnormal wound healing encompasses a wide spectrum, from chronic wounds to hypertrophic scars. Both conditions are associated with an abnormal cytokine profile in the wound bed. In this study, we sought to understand the dynamic relationships between myofibroblast differentiation and mechanical performance of the collagen matrix under tissue growth factor–b (TGF-b) and tumor necrosis factor–a (...

TGF-b is a potent inducer of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process involved in tumour invasion. TIF1c participates in TGF-b signalling. To understand the role of TIF1c in TGF-b signalling and its requirement for EMT, we analysed the TGF-b1 response of human mammary epithelial cell lines. A strong EMT increase was observed in TIF1c-silenced cells after TGF-b1 treatment, whereas S...

Ang II is shown to mediate the stimulatory effect of high glucose on TGF-b1 and extracellular matrix proteins in glomerular mesangial cells. Also inhibition of Ang II formation in cell media (extracellular) and lysates (intracellular) blocks high-glucose effects on TGF-b1 and matrix more effectively compared to inhibition of extracellular Ang II alone. To investigate whether intracellular Ang I...

The stem cell marker nestin is an intermediate filament protein that plays an important role in cell integrity, migration, and differentiation. Nestin expression occurs in approximately one third of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and its expression strongly correlates with tumor staging and metastasis. Little is known about the mechanisms by which nestin influences PDAC progression. H...

Interleukin (IL)-26 is a TH17 cytokine with known antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory functions. However, the precise role of IL-26 in context pathogenic responses unknown. Here we identify population blood Th17 intermediates that produce high levels differentiate into IL-17A-producing cells upon TGF-b1 exposure in-vitro. By combining single cell RNA sequencing, TCR sequencing spatial transcript...

Neurons have been neglected as cells with a major immune-regulatory function because they do not express major histocompatibility complex class II. Our data show that neurons are highly immune regulatory, having a crucial role in governing T-cell response and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Neurons induce the proliferation of activated CD4+ T cells through B7-CD28 and transforming gr...

In contrast to other mastitis pathogens, the host response evoked during Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection is marked by the absence of the induction of critical cytokines, including IL-8 and TNF-a, which have established roles in mediating host innate immunity. The elucidation of changes in the expression of other mediators with the potential to regulate mammary inflammatory response...

The type IV collagenases/gelatinases matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 play a variety of important roles in both physiological and pathological processes and are regulated by various growth factors, including transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), in several cell types. Previous studies have suggested that cellular control of one or both collagenases can occur through direct transcr...

Received 12 September 2003 Accepted 10 October 2003 Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X antigen (HBxAg) may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by activation of signalling pathways such as NF-kB. To identify NF-kB target genes differentially expressed in HBxAg-positive compared to -negative cells, HepG2 cells consistently expressing HBxAg (HepG2X cells) were stably transfected...