Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.], a close relative of Panicoideae food crops and bioenergy grasses, offers an ideal system to perform functional genomics studies related to C4 photosynthesis and abiotic stress tolerance. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) provides a sensitive platform to conduct such gene expression analyses. However, th...

For accurate and reliable gene expression analysis using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qPCR), the selection of appropriate reference genes as an internal control for normalization is crucial. We hypothesized that non-coding, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs)would be stably expressed in different barley varieties and under different experimental treatments,in different tissues a...

Sugarcane, accounting for 80% of world's sugar, originates in the tropics but is cultivated mainly in the subtropics. Therefore, chilling injury frequently occurs and results in serious losses. Recent studies in various plant species have established microRNAs as key elements in the post-transcriptional regulation of response to biotic and abiotic stresses including cold stress. Though, its acc...

The presence of large residual shear stresses near ground surfaces are often revealed by x-ray diffraction analysis’. With the X-Ray-Integral-AJethod(RIM)Z it is now possible to determine the depth profiles of strains and stresses as a function of the true depth below the surface. However, any shear stress component parallel to a free surface must be zero at the surface itself Therefore, the de...

Global phosphorylation changes in plants in response to environmental stress have been relatively poorly characterized to date. Here we introduce a novel mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitation method that facilitates systematic profiling plant phosphoproteome changes with high efficiency and accuracy. This method employs synthetic peptide libraries tailored specifically as internal sta...

OBJECTIVE The identification of viable but jeopardized myocardium after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is of great importance for selecting patients who could benefit from a revascularization procedure. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of the dobutamine stress electrocardiogram (ECG) 1) for detecting significant stenosis of the infarct-related artery and 2) for predicting t...

The effects of physical exercise and normalization of serum lipoproteins on stress-induced myocardial ischemia were studied in 18 patients with coronary artery disease, stable angina pectoris, and mild hypercholesterolemia (total serum cholesterol 242 +/- 32 mg/dl). These patients underwent a combined regimen of low-fat/low-cholesterol diet and regular, supervised physical exercise at high inte...

URL normalization is a process of transforming URL strings into canonical form. Through this process, duplicate URL representations for web pages can be reduced significantly. There are a number of normalization methods. In this paper, we describe four metrics for evaluating normalization methods. The reliability and consistency of a URL is also considered in our evaluation. With the metrics pr...

For real-time reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) in soybean, reference genes in different tissues, developmental stages, various cultivars, and under stress conditions have been suggested but their usefulness for research on soybean under various biotic stresses occurring in North-Central U.S. is not known. Here, we investigated the expression stabilities of ten previously recommended referenc...

We performed simultaneous high-fidelity left ventricular pressure and echocardiographic dimension measurements in 30 patients with normal left ventricular function (group 1; n = 6), moderate-tosevere aortic regurgitation (group 2; n = 14) or congestive cardiomyopathy (group 3; n = 10). We determined diastolic stress, strain and strain rate in all 30 patients and fitted the data to a simple elas...