It is well-known to swimmers, divers, and beachgoers that coelenterates such as the Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia physalis), true jellyfish such as the box jellyfish, sea anemone, true coral, and fire coral can inflict painful and sometimes fatal stings. As a result, these organisms are avoided by humans and most sea creatures; however, indirect contact with the skin may occur. For example, c...

Keith Rayburn, MD, is a physician in the Department of Medicine, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California. Eric Fleischbein, PharmD, is a pharmacist in the Department of Pharmacy Services, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center. Jessica Song, PharmD, is a pharmacist in the Department of Pharmacy Services, Santa Clara VaUey Medical Center, and an instructor at the University ofthe Paci...

Jellyfish are the best-known group of gelatinous zooplankton; they refer to organisms from phylum Cnidaria, including animals with cnidocytes (stinging cells). As part our research on jellyfish that swarm in bay Al Hoceima conducted during period (2021-2022), a study diversity species has proved be paramount importance because risks associated their proliferation, especially summer periods. The...

Pairwise contests occur when two individuals compete directly over ownership of an indivisible resource. Contests vary in the degree of escalation, some encounters being settled through non-injurious behaviour while others are only resolved after dangerous fighting. Here, we investigate the role of relatedness, assessed using AFLP analysis, on the occurrence of stinging during staged contests i...

Honey bee nest defense involves guard bees that specialize in olfaction-based nestmate recognition and alarm-pheromone-mediated recruitment of nestmates to sting. Stinging is influenced by visual, tactile and olfactory stimuli. Both quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and behavioral studies point to guarding behavior as a key factor in colony stinging response. Results of reciprocal F1 cross...

Effect of Formulated Feed as a Subsitute for Live on Growth Performances, Biochemical Composition and Digestive Enzyme Activities Asian Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) Larvae