Sterigmatocystin (ST) and aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) are two polyketide-derived Aspergillus mycotoxins synthesized by functionally identical sets of enzymes. ST, the compound produced by Aspergillus nidulans, is a late intermediate in the AFB(1) pathway of A. parasiticus and A. flavus. Previous biochemical studies predicted that five oxygenase steps are required for the formation of ST. A 60-kb ST...

Results of a first-stage Sea Urchin Genome Project are summarized here. The species chosen was Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a research model of major importance in developmental and molecular biology. A virtual map of the genome was constructed by sequencing the ends of 76,020 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) recombinants (average length, 125 kb). The BAC-end sequence tag connectors (STC...

This paper presents a general framework for space-time codes (STCs) that encompasses a number of recently proposed STC schemes as special cases. The STCs considered are block codes that employ arbitrary redundant linear precoding of a given data sequence together with embedded training symbols, if any. The redundancy introduced by the linear precoding imposes structure on the received data that...

The main problem of space-time trellis codes is constituted by their complexity, which grows exponentially with the number of transmit antennas. To avoid this shortcoming, one can think to a suboptimum decoder in which a simplified metric, together with a preliminary filtering step, is used. In this paper, we develop this idea and give some possible choices for the filter design. These differen...

We present a detailed study of the fields and propagation characteristics around focus ultrashort radially-polarized laser beams (RPLBs) having low-order spatio-temporal couplings (STCs). The three STCs considered are focusing different frequencies to positions along longitudinal coordinate, one transverse beam waist or Rayleigh range power-law frequency dependence. deemed because they generall...

The objective of this research work was to investigate the potential control models based on reinforcement learning in optimization solar thermal cooling systems (STCS) operation through a case study. In this, performance installation working with traditional predictive approach and (RL)-based analyzed compared using specific realistic simulation tool. order achieve proposed objective, system m...

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (STCS) is a rare, morphologically heterogeneous and highly aggressive tumour of ambiguous origin. It is characterized by the presence of benign and malignant epithelial, mesenchymal and neuroectodermal components. Because of their rarity and heterogeneity, these lesions are often misdiagnosed, leading to management difficulties. Adequate sampling with a high index...

Objective: It was aimed to retrospectively evaluate the soft tissue calcifications (STCs) in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Material and Methods: CBCT images (Planmeca Romexis®, 3D Mid Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) of 1,566 patients (54.2% females; 45.8% males) were collected from database Department Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. The hyperdense masses examined. Patients with hea...

Tropical meridional ocean heat transport is studied in six coupled ocean-atmosphere models in which atmospheric CO 2 concentration has been increased. In the Indo-Pacific, the strength of Subtropical Cells (STCs) changes in response to changes in the trade winds. However, the change is not consistent among models. In contrast, in all models the tropical Indo-Pacific heat transport remains nearl...