Navy research shows that water delivered as a fine mist (or fog) is more effective than sprays in suppressing large scale fires[1, 2]. Fine mists have three distinct advantages. First, the small drop sizes that make up the mist allow the water to reach obstructed fires more easily than larger spray drops. Secondly, the water mist system has a lower water demand than the spray system. Lastly, sm...

Polymeric nanoparticle systems (nanocapsules and nanospheres) present potential applications as drug delivery systems. Nevertheless, their full applications have not been exploited due to their limited shelf life when stored in aqueous medium. Drying polymeric nanoparticles using spray-drying represents a promising platform to improve the physicochemical stability of formulations and/or to cont...

Evaporative cooling by water spray is increasingly used as an efficient and environmentally-friendly approach to enhance thermal comfort in built environments. The complex two-phase flow in a water spray system is influenced by many factors such as continuous phase velocity, temperature and relative humidity patterns, droplet characteristics and continuous phase-droplet and droplet-droplet inte...

Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of ginger herbal spray on reducing dry mouth in patients with Type II diabetes. Materials and Method:This clinical trial was conducted on 20 patients with Type II diabetes suffering from dry mouth. The control individual for each patient was the same patient himself/herself. Each patient filled out his/her questionnaire at three ...

One of the advantages of dry influenza vaccines over conventional liquid influenza vaccines is that they can be used for alternative routes of administration. Previous studies showed that spray freeze-drying is an excellent technique to prepare vaccine containing powders for pulmonary delivery (J.P. Amorij, V. Saluja, A.H. Petersen, W.L.J. Hinrichs, A. Huckriede, H.W. Frijlink, Pulmonary delive...

The Aim of this study was preparation of dry powder formulation of rifampicin loaded polymeric microparticles as dry powder formulation for inhalation in effective tuberculosis treatment.The microparticles containing rifampicin (RIF) were prepared by spray drying method using different biocompatible polymers like chitosan and hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) The microparticles and microp...

Inhalation delivery of aerosolized antibacterials is preferred over conventional methods of delivery for targeting lung infection. The present study is concerned with the development and characterization of a novel, spray dried, aerosolized, chitosan polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) based microparticles containing antibacterials for the treatment of lung infections. Chitosan polyelectrolyte comple...

in order to study the effect of ca, k, and mn foliar spray on vegetative traits of safflower (padideh cultivar) under salt stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in vali-asr university greenhouse. factors included salinity with four levels representing 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 mg nacl kg -1, and foliar spray with four level ...

to evaluate the effect of different application methods of different strains of pgpr on sorghum forage production, a field experiment was conducted in research farm of college of agriculture of university of tehran in karaj during 2009. the treatments were arranged factorially and the data was analyzed based on a complete block design with three replications. the treatments comprised of three p...

The benefits of using silk fibroin, a major protein in silk, are widely established in many biomedical applications including tissue regeneration, bioactive coating and in vitro tissue models. The properties of silk such as biocompatibility and controlled degradation are utilized in this study to formulate for the first time as carriers for pulmonary drug delivery. Silk fibroin particles are sp...