A study of the nurse shark has revealed a type of rearranging gene that has yet to be seen in mammals; it encodes a secreted 'new antigen receptor' which, unlike shark immunoglobulin, revels in somatic hypermutation.

The cultural method to identify avian Salmonella infections is laborious and expensive, thus a rapid, sensitive and cost-effective method for the diagnosis of salmonellosis is anticipated. S. pullorum was isolated and a stained Salmonella somatic antigen was prepared. The protein concentration of stained antigen was measured and adjusted to 3000 ng/μl. Preservative was used to increase its shel...

fasciolosis caused by fasciola hepatica and f.gigantica is one of the major public health problems in the world and in iran. considering that stool examination for fasciola eggs is not a sensitive method and only 25% of infected patients pass the eggs in the faeces , and immunodiagnosis methods are more applicable for this purpose, the present study was conducted to compare the somatic (s) and ...