The disk midplane temperature is potentially affected by the dust traps/rings. depletion beyond water snowline will cast a shadow. In this study, we adopt detailed gas-grain chemical reaction network, and investigate radial gas ice abundance distributions of dominant carbon-, oxygen-, nitrogen-bearing molecules in disks with shadow structures around protosolar-like star. shadowed disks, grains ...

Geochronological dating of glacial landforms, such as terminal and lateral moraines, is useful for determining the extent timing past glaciation reconstructing magnitude rate climate changes. In Southern Alps New Zealand, well-dated geomorphological records constrain last cycle across much Waitaki River basin (e.g. Ōhau, Pukaki, Tekapo) but its southern sector Ahuriri valley remains comparative...

Context. Water is a key molecule in star- and planet-forming regions. Recent water line observations toward several low-mass protostars suggest low gas fractional abundances (<10 −6 with respect to total hydrogen density) the inner warm envelopes ( r < 10 2 au). destruction by X-rays thought influence these regions, but detailed chemistry, including nature of alternative oxygen carriers, ...

In a warming climate, understanding seasonal fluctuations in snowline position is key to accurately predicting the melt contribution of glaciers sea-level rise. Snow and ice conditions have large impact on freshwater availability supply multi-annual timescales. Factors such as snow extent physical characteristics affect predictions snowmelt- glacier-fed catchments, influencing potential hydropo...

The glacier snowline altitude (SLA) at the end of melt season is an indicator equilibrium line and can be used to estimate mass balance reconstruct past climate. This study analyzes spatiotemporal variability in SLA across High Mountain Asia, including Altai Mountains, Karakoram Western Himalayas, Gongga Tian Shan, Nyainqentanglha over 30 years (1989–2019) better elucidate state these mountain ...