The lipids of mammalian stratum corneum are known to be important regulators of skin permeability. Since the human stratum corneum displays remarkable regional variations in skin permeability, we assessed the total lipid concentration, the distribution of all major lipid species, and the fatty acid composition in Bligh-Dyer extracts from four skin sites (abdomen, leg, face, and sole) that are k...

The cecal contents of guinea pigs with clindamycin-associated colitis contained a heat-labile toxin. This toxin was lethal for guinea pigs and mice, produced vascular permeability in the skin of rabbits, and was cytotoxic in tissue culture. The lethality in mice, vascular permeability in rabbit skin, and cytotoxicity in tissue culture monolayers were neutralized by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin.

In vitro percutaneous absorption of four antihypertensive drugs were carried out across the mice and human cavader skin in order to compare their skin permeability. An interesting trend was noticed in these experiments. Poorly water soluble drug prazosin hydrochloride showed 13 times enhanced flux in the mice skin whereas the steady-state flux of the water soluble drug propranolol hydrochloride...

The permeability of the skin of newborn infants to lignocaine was examined in vitro using excised skin. Samples were studied from 24 infants of gestational age 25 to 40 weeks and postnatal age 0 to 7 days. Mature skin was relatively impermeable to lignocaine, but the more premature infants showed a marked increase in absorption. There was a strong inverse correlation between gestational age and...

Skin penetration of benzoic acid and its 4-alkyl substituents (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl) through excised guinea pig dorsal skin was examined, and effects of removal of stratum corneum, delipidization and addition of the penetration enhancers, ethanol and l-menthol plus ethanol, were observed. Permeability coefficients, which increased with the increase in their alkyl chain lengths, d...

Nanostructured carriers have been widely used in pharmaceutical formulations for dermatological treatment. They offer targeted drug delivery, sustained release, improved biostability, and low toxicity, usually presenting advantages over conventional formulations. Due to its large surface area, small size photothermal properties, graphene oxide (GO) has the potential be such applications. Nanogr...