During the period of the past five winters in Minnesota, we have witnessed a startling increase in the amount of surface wear in the wheel tracks on many pavements—both bituminous and Portland cement concrete. Previously when similar pronounced surface abrasion occurred it was generally related to some deficiency such as unfavorable con­ struction conditions or materials or mixture design that ...

PURPOSE One of the latest trends in ornamental body piercing focuses on the oral cavity, with the most common piercing site being the tongue. Oral health care professionals are anecdotally reporting the incidence of radiographically detectable alveolar bone abnormalities surrounding the mandibular anterior teeth in patients who wear tongue studs. This research study was conducted to assess the ...

This paper presents an ant colony system model for cost optimization of a composite floor system based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) specification of the AISC. The model formulation includes the cost of concrete, steel beam, and shear studs. The objective function is considered as the cost of the structure, which is minimized subjected to serviceability and strength requiremen...

Specialized proton-secreting cells known collectively as mitochondria-rich cells are found in a variety of transporting epithelia, including the kidney collecting duct (intercalated cells) and toad and turtle urinary bladders. These cells contain a population of characteristic tubulovesicles that are believed to be involved in the shuttling of proton pumps (H+ATPase) to and from the plasma memb...

Earthquake loss estimation in composite-steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) necessitates a proper of the level damage steel beam-to-slab connections. These usually feature welded headed shear studs to ensure composite action between concrete slab and beam. In partially beams, earthquake-induced surrounding occurs due stud slip demands. Within such context, this paper proposes slip-based fragil...

Goals of this preliminary study are to better understand (1) earthquake performance of wood-frame shear walls carrying gravity loads, compared with walls without gravity load, and (2) performance of walls subjected to a sequence of earthquake motions, compared with walls subjected to a single earthquake. Tests with simulated earthquake ground motions were conducted on 2,440 by 2,440-mm (8 by 8-...

The economical and reliable design of steel-concrete composite structures relies on accurate predictions the resistance headed studs transferring longitudinal shear forces between two materials. existing mechanics-based or empirical equations do not always produce safe stud resistance. This study presents evaluation nine machine learning (ML) algorithms development optimized ML models for predi...

Multiple playing surfaces and footwear used in American football warrant a better understanding of relationship between different combinations of turf and footwear. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of shoe and stud types on ground reaction force (GRF) and ankle and knee kinematics of a 180° cut and a single-leg 90° land-cut on synthetic turf. Fourteen recreational football playe...