OBJECTIVE To compare the secular trends and geographical differences in the incidence of relapsing-remitting (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) in Finland, and to draw inferences about aetiological differences between the two forms of the disease. METHODS New multiple sclerosis cases in southern Uusimaa and the western districts Vaasa and Seinäjoki of Finland in 1979-199...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of natalizumab on disability progression beyond 2 years of treatment in clinical practice. METHODS Analyses included the 496 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients among 5122 patients in the Tysabri Observational Program (TOP) who had completed 4 continuous years of natalizumab treatment and had baseline (study enrollment) and postbaseline Expa...

BACKGROUND There are few treatment options for patients with secondary progressive and worsening relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mitoxantrone is an antineoplastic drug, recently approved for treatment of multiple sclerosis. Mitoxantrone is, however, associated with dose-related cardiotoxicity, which limits its use. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible cardiotoxicity of mitoxantrone i...

BACKGROUND Fingolimod is a first in class oral compound approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RR-MS). The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical and neuroradiological responses to fingolimod as well as the safety and tolerability in RR-MS patients in clinical practice. In addition, a panel of pro-inflammatory serum cytokines was explored as potential biomarke...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The increasing availability of effective therapies for multiple sclerosis as well as research demonstrating the benefits of early treatment highlights the importance of expedient and accurate multiple sclerosis diagnosis. This review will discuss the classification, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS An international panel of multipl...

We report on nine patients with multiple sclerosis who had received interferon beta-1a treatment for 6 months or more. Seven patients were Chinese and two were Caucasian. Seven patients had the relapsing-remitting type of multiple sclerosis, one had the primary-progressive type, and one had the progressive-relapsing type. Among the six compliant patients with the relapsing-remitting type of dis...

We investigated various magnetic resonance MRI parameters for both brain and spinal cord to see if any improved the clinicoradiological correlation in multiple sclerosis. Ninety-one multiple sclerosis patients (28 relapsing-remitting, 32 secondary progressive and 31 primary progressive) were imaged using conventional T1, proton density- and T2-weighted MRI of the brain and spinal cord. Focal br...

background and purpose: cognitive impairment (ci) is one of the causes of disabilities in multiple sclerosis patients (ms). therefore, early detection and evaluation of cognitive performance is very important in patients with ms. the aim of the present study is to compare montreal cognitive assessment (moca) test and mini mental status exam (mmse) in relapsing remitting (rr) ms patients. method...

Disease modifying therapies are available for the treatment of relapse remitting multiple sclerosis, making relapses less common and severe. A Cochrane systematic review was undertaken to compare their benefit acceptability. This article summarises appraises evidence.