Much of our know-how is acquired through practice: we learn how to cook by cooking, write writing, and dance dancing. As Aristotle argues, however, this kind learning puzzling, since engaging in it seems require possession the very knowledge one seeks obtain. After showing a version puzzle arises from set attractive principles, I argue that best solution hold knowledge-how comes degrees, practi...

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Anti-intellectualism (the generalized distrust of experts and intellectuals) is an important concept in explaining the public’s engagement with advice from scientists experts. We ask whether it has shaped mass response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). provide evidence a consistent connection between anti-intellectualism COVID-19 risk perceptions, social distancing, mask usage, mispercept...

Islamic educational institutions are always developing in line with the needs and changes of society. The development society is marked by progress science need to preach Islam. In 5th century Hijriyah, at time madrasa was founded, scientific community, especially Muslims, could be said have reached a perfect stage, because almost all knowledge, both al-ulum an-naqliyah al-aqliyah, had been com...