The Technical University of Madrid (UPM) and REPSOL YPF are collaborating in the improvement in the estimation of the emiss ion factors for refinery flares. Flaring is an unavoidable process in the refining activity, both for safety reasons during upset processes (start-up, shut down, system blow-down) and when managing the disposal of waste gases with hydrocarbon from routine operations. The o...

This paper describes a simulation analysis of the impacts of a strategic fuels reserve (SFR) designed to limit the increase in gasoline prices in the days following a refinery disruption. The analysis is based on a computer simulation model developed for the California Energy Commission. The model simulates the supply of gasoline as the sum of refinery production, cargoes arriving from outside ...

Refineries are a source of emissions of volatile hydrocarbons that contribute to the formation of smog and ozone. Fugitive emissions of hydrocarbons are difficult to measure and quantify. Currently these emissions are estimated based on standard emission factors for the type and use of equipment installed. Differential absorption light detection and ranging (DIAL) can remotely measure concentra...

This paper presents briefly some of the principal results of a mortality analysis of a cohort of workers employed for at least 1 year between 1950 and 1975 at eight oil refineries and approximately 750 distribution centers in the U.K., together with detailed results for kidney cancer and leukemia. Over 99% of the workers were successfully traced. Their mortality was compared with that of all ma...

PURPOSE Petroleum refinery workers' exposure to the carcinogens benzene and 1,3-butadiene has decreased during normal operations. However, certain occupational groups or events at the refineries still involve a risk of higher exposures. The aim of this study was to examine the personal exposure to benzene and 1,3-butadiene at refinery turnarounds and during work in the oil harbour. METHODS Pe...

Technology, describe how taking an integrated approach to energy performance early in the design phase can deliver significant improvements in refinery energy efficiency. E nergy is the second single largest component of variable refinery operating expense, representing some 40-50% of total operating costs, excluding the cost of purchasing raw crude. Fuel and power consumption is also directly ...

Nowadays, air pollution is one of the major challenges in Assaluyeh, therefore, in the present study, according to the importance of the fourth refinery gas as the largest gas refinery in the region, the amount of emissions from Stacks and flares has been initially determined and then the distribution has been identified in the region. In this research, AERMOD and CALPUFF models have been used ...

OBJECTIVE Occupational exposure typical of an oil refinery may alter liver function among the workers. Thus, the objective of the study was to identify risk factors for liver enzyme abnormalities among oil refinery workers. METHODS The workers at an oil refinery in Northeastern Brazil underwent routine annual medical examination from 1982 to 1998. This case-control study investigated all the ...

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the batch adsorption of sulfur compounds from petroleum refinery wastewater on a chemically modified activated carbon (MAC). The modification technique enhances the removal capacity of carbon and therefore decreases cost-effective removal of sulfide from refinery wastewater. Different techniques have been used to characterize the modified activated carbo...

While ever-growing bio-ethanol production poses considerable challenges to the bioenergy supply chain, the risk of refinery operation disruptions further compromises the efficiency and reliability of the energy supply system. This paper applies discrete and continuous reliable facility location models to the design of reliable bio-ethanol supply chains so that the system can hedge against poten...