The aim of this study was to determine the caloric expenditure and the intensity of physical activities performed by official soccer referees during a match expressed in Metabolic Equivalent (METs). The physical activity of referees accredited by CBF (Brazilian Confederation of Soccer) was video-recorded during twenty-nine official games of Paraná Championship (Brasil), Series A and B of the 20...

Today, fuzzy graphs (FGs) have a variety of applications in other fields study, including medicine, engineering, and psychology, for this reason, many researchers around the world are trying to identify their properties use them computer sciences as well finding smallest problem network. The concept Cayley graph has become standard part toolkit used investigate describe groups. Also, good model...

This is the conclusion to a four-part series on refereeing and peer review in science. The first two parts discussed the refereeing of scholarly articles prior to publication. 1.2 The third part focused on the mechanics of the peer-review system for the evaluation of research-grant proposals at the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and opinions about ...

The peer review process has been the topic of many studies in the medical sciences, but not so in mathematics. Given that mathematicians refer to results from the literature without checking the proofs in detail, it is interesting to see how the mathematical refereeing process affects the epistemic certainty of this type of mathematical knowledge by testimony. We give a description of the mathe...

The aim of this study was to examine the match physical demands and exercise intensity associated with men rugby union refereeing using global positioning system technology. Ten male rugby union referees (age, 37.1 ± 5.9 years; body mass, 83.7 ± 4.8 kg; height, 175.5 ± 6.2 cm) were analyzed 2-4 times during a total of 30 national level matches. The average total distance covered by the referees...

purpose to evaluate the effect of ramadan fasting on body water status markers of rugby players at basal condition and following a simulation of rugby sevens match. methods twelve recreational rugby sevens players played three matches: one day before ramadan (before ramadan), at the end of the first week of ramadan (beg-r) and at the end of ramadan (end-r). before and immediately after each mat...

publications. Yet anonymous peer review is far from transparent. Does bias lurk within the refereeing process? Investigating the outcomes of manuscript submissions suggests that the overall process is not sexist, but differences in acceptance rates across journals according to gender of the first author give grounds for caution. Manuscripts with more authors and by native English speakers are m...