The concept of functional redundancy is at the core of theory relating changes in ecosystem functioning to species loss. However, few empirical studies have investigated the strength and form of the relationship between species and functional diversity (i.e., the presence of functional redundancy in ecological communities) in this context. In particular, we know little about how local extinctio...

  Purpose: Military personnel are expected to maintain the highest possible level of physical   fitness to do their duties. Several factors including body composition and body mass index   affect the level of their physical preparedness. The current study was designed to investigate   the effect of body composition and body mass index in the level of physical preparedness of   Iranian military ...

This paper presents a new approach, called robust nonlinear analytic redundancy (RNLAR) technique to actuator fault detection for input-affine nonlinear multivariable dynamic systems. Robust fault detection is important because of the universal existence of model uncertainties and process disturbances in most systems. This paper characterizes the order of redundancy relation for nonlinear syste...

Very interesting specialized web portal for collaboration of developers is CodePlex 1. Registered users can participate in multiple projects, discussions, adding and sharing source codes or documentations, issue a release, etc. In the article we deal with strength extraction between developers based on their association. The research presented in this article is motivated by our previous work [...

one of the most important problems in the system reliability optimization is redundancy allocation problem that has been studied in different system configurations. k-out-of-n structure is a general system configuration and offers enhanced capabilities for analyzing more design problems. hence, in this paper, the redundancy allocation problem of k-out-of-n systems is studied. in the most previo...

Ordering reenements are particularly useful for avoiding unnecessary search and for obtaining resolution decision procedures. This paper presents a general framework for ordered E-resolution, allowing arbitrary selection of negative literals and providing a general notion of redundancy elimination. As diierent theories bring forth diierent and very special simpliication rules, having an im-buil...

Grip strength is affected by such as enslaving effect, force sharing effect, and force deficit effect relating to the interaction among fingers. The author attempts to analyze index finger strength according to grip span of adjacent middle finger. 6 male graduate students participated as subjects in this experiment. The grip span has been applied from 45 mm to 60mm to investigate the effects of...

Feature selection method for text classification based on information gain ranking, improved by removing redundant terms using mutual information measure and inclusion index, is proposed. We report an experiment to study the impact of term redundancy on the performance of text classifier. The result shows that term redundancy behaves very similar to noise and may degrade the classifier performa...

In this paper a set of de nitions describing general real number representation sys tems is presented Our purpose is to nd a su ciently wide model de nition including classical systems signed digit notation linear numeration systems p adic numbers symmetric level index arithmetic but speci c enough to make it possible to build some practical results We focuse on the redundancy property and the ...