Preliminary work done by the Sugar Milling Research Institute (SMRI) showed that the HunterLab colour measuring system could possibly be used to estimate the colour of raw sugar. With this system it was possible to measure the colour within a short time (less than one minute). The instrument (ColorQuest LAV 4S0/0") has been used for several seasons at the Transvaal Sugar Limited Malelane (ML) f...

Bioethanol has been introduced in large scale in Brazil, the US and some European countries and is projected to be one of the dominating renewable biofuels in the transportation sector within the coming 20 years. At present bioethanol is produced almost solely from either sugar – or starch-based raw materials (e.g, cane sugar, corn, wheat etc) often called first generation (1G) bioethanol. Howe...

In the modern competitive world, agriculture sectors and food processing industries need new tools and technologies for the classification of raw materials based on its ingredients presence (Protein, Carbohydrate, Sugar, Fat, Fiber, Vitamin, and Minerals etc. ) and to be used for suitable application process based on its ingredients. In order to ensure the final product quality in food processi...

Raw milk is a valuable food which its quality is important regarding both milk consumption itself and manufacturing of other dairy products. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different seasons on the variations of raw milk composition. To do so different samples of raw milk were taken during summer and winter from Qazvin province and their physicochemical properties includi...

Raw bagasse or sugar cane cellulosic residues were modified using acylation grafting with fatty acid. The capability of the grafted bagasse to absorb oil from aqueous solution was studied and compared with the raw bagasse. It was found that the grafted material was significantly more hydrophobic than the raw bagasse. This grafted bagasse had little affinity for water and good affinity for oil. ...