Humans acquire far more of their behaviour from conspecifics via culture than any other species. Our culture is larger because it accumulates, where other species’ seem to stay approximately the same size (Tomasello, 1999). This chapter attempts to clarify the problem of cultural accumulation by distinguishing between the size of a culture that can be transmitted from one generation, and the ex...

Abstract Polymers in general, and adhesives particular, can exhibit nonlinear viscoelastic–viscoplastic response. Prior work has shown that this complex behavior be described using analytical models, which provided good agreement with measured creep recovery Under cyclic loading, however, some a temporal response different from what would expected their behavior. Ratcheting describes the accumu...

The destruction of quantum coherence can pump energy into a system. For our examples this is paradoxical because the destroyed correlations are ordinarily considered negligible. Mathematically the explanation is straightforward and physically one can identify the degrees of freedom supplying this energy. Nevertheless, the energy input can be calculated without specific reference to those degree...

Abstract To mitigate state exposure threats to long-lived instant messaging sessions, ratcheting was introduced, which is used in practice protocols like Signal. However, existing generally come with a high cost. Recently, Caforio et al. proposed pragmatic constructions, compose weakly secure ‘light’ protocol and strongly ‘heavy’ protocol, order achieve so-called on-demand. The light they has s...

Ratcheting behavior of steel 304L cylindrical shell under cyclic combined and axial loading are investigated in this paper, numerically. Cylindrical shells were fixed oblique at angle of 20° and normal with respect to the longitudinal direction of the shell and subjected to force-controlled cycling with non-zero mean force, which causes the accumulation of plastic deformation or ratcheting beha...

We propose a difference-in-differences (DiD) approach to estimate the impact of incentives on cost reduction. We show theoretically, and estimate empirically, that German electricity distribution system operators (DSOs) incur higher costs when subject to a loweredpowered regulation mechanism. The difference is particularly significant (about 7%) for firms in the upper quartile of the efficiency...