Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate nodal irradiation with conventional three-field's technique. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this study. Computed tomography scans in the supine treatment position were imported into a treatment planning system. Levels I-III axillary and supraclavicular nodes were identified and their depths to the a...

conclusion safety-related parameters of posterolateral and posterior approaches in supine thoracentesis are far better than that of the conventional lateral approach. background in patients who have difficulty sitting, thoracentesis is attempted in a supine position via lateral approach. recently, a new table has been designed for supine thoracentesis. this table has gaps that allow access to t...

the standard approach to management of high imperforate anus is colostomy in the newborn period followed by posterior saggital anorectoplasty (psarp) at 6 to 12 months of age. the purpose of this study was to determine whether a one-stage repair by primary psarp in the newborn period could be performed without clear determent to the patient’s functional result. totally 30 newborns with high imp...

background: the aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction in excision cavity volume (ecv) during the whole breast radiotherapy (wbrt). the delineating of reduced cavity volume on secondary ct (computed tomography) might decrease the field size of boost plan. materials and methods: twenty patients were treated having breast conservative surgery. at first, primary ct simulation (ct-1) was d...

In this paper a single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) buck-boost PFC converter operating in critical conduction mode (CRM) is proposed. By multiplexing a single inductor, each output of SIDO buck-boost converter can be regulated independently. Compared with conventional two-stage multiple output converter, SIDO buck-boost PFC converter benefits from significant overall cost saving, small size and ...

PURPOSE To investigate the long-term effects of vertebral-body-sparing proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI) on the spine of young patients with medulloblastoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS Six children between the ages of 3 and 5 years with medulloblastoma were treated with vertebral-body-sparing proton CSI after maximal safe resection. Radiation therapy was delivered in the supine position with p...

background : the use of shorter radiotherapy schedules has an economic and logistic advantage for radiotherapy departments, as well as a high degree of patient convenience. the aim of this study is to assess the acute and short-term late toxicities of a hypofractionated radiotherapy schedule with a concomitant boost. methods : we enrolled 57 eligible patients as group a. these patients received...

This paper deals with the simulation of closed loop and open loop controlled Interleaved Boost Converter (ILBC). It is seen that, for higher power applications, more modules can be paralleled to increase the power rating and the dynamic performance. One of the challenge in designing a boost converter for high power application is how to handle the high current at the input side. In this paper a...

abstract a patient with a 3-month history of headache refractory to pain medication was admitted. the ct scan and mri showed evidence of a posterior fossa mass. this was pathologically confirmed as an extra medullary plasmacytoma (emp). he had a pathologic fracture of the left humerus 7 years ago while the radiologist was unaware at the time of diagnosis. a solitary bone plasmacytoma (sbp) was ...

a lot of researches have investigated the effects of topical cyclosporine a on the eye surface layers' diseases. by now the main limitation in cyclosporine application is the low permeation of the drug into the posterior segments of the eye. the aim of present study was to formulate high permeable dosage form can be beneficial in the topical treatment of the uveitis. to reach higher corneal dru...