Background: Denileukin diftitox (trade name, Ontak) is the first recombinant immunotoxin (IM), in which the binding domain of diphtheria toxin has been replaced by the amino acid sequence of human interleukin-2 (DT389IL-2) using genetic engineering. Purity, stability, and structural property of the protein are critical factors for the scale-up production of this fusion protein. In this IM, loca...

introduction: influenza is a contagious acute viral disease of the respiratory tract that causes fever, headache, muscle aches and cough. one of the unique features of influenza virus is antigenic variation in viral protein neuraminidase (na) which causes emergence of new virus variants. na is responsible for the release and spread of progeny virions. due to the continuous changes of na genes, ...

BACKGROUND Amoebiasis is the third most common parasitic cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in countries with poor hygienic settings. There exists an ambiguity in the diagnosis of amoebiasis, and hence there arises a necessity for a better diagnostic approach. Serine-rich Entamoeba histolyticaprotein (SREHP), peroxiredoxin and Gal/GalNAc lectin are pivotal in E. histolyticavirulence...

Backgroung and Aims: L-Asparaginase II is a cornerstone of treatment protocols for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Only asparaginase II obtained from E. coli K12 and Erwinia chrysanthemi have been used in human as therapeutic drug. The therapeutic effects of asparaginase II from E. coli K12 and Erwinia chrysanthemi is accompanied by side effects. It is desirable to search for other asparaginase I...

The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains require new antituberculosis compounds. Bedaquiline is a novel promising drug, but as with other drugs, bedaquiline resistance can be acquired by M. during long-term treatment. In particular, atpE mutations prevent interaction the drug its target, ATP synthase in efflux pump r...

A new approach to anti-viral therapy in recent years has been relying on the modeling and docking processes in the quest of novel inhibitors. Curcurin, an ribosome-inactivating protein, from Jatropha curcas Linn. (Euphorbiaceae), a herbal plant that has been used in traditional folk medicine in many tropical countries, was investigated against 2 proteins of Pandemic Influenza H1N1/2009. Althoug...

Background & Aims: Antibodies, well-known as immunoglobulins (Igs), are produced by B lymphocytes and specifically defend against pathogens. Igs are glycoproteins and have high diagnostic value in several diseases including infections (1). Igs are composed of light and heavy chains (2, 3). Each chain is comprised of about 110-120 amino acid residues which create immunoglobulin folds named domai...

Exopeptidases including dipeptidyland tripeptidyl-peptidase are crucial for the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontopathic asaccharolytic bacterium that incorporates amino acids mainly as diand tri-peptides. In this study, we identified a novel exopeptidase, designated acylpeptidyl oligopeptidase (AOP), composed of 759 amino acid residues with active Ser and encoded by PGN_1349 in P...

•The pilotin InvH forms an ?-helical homodimer when crystallized and in solution•The secretin InvG binds a 1:1 ratio along hydrophobic groove•InvH homodimerizes using the same interface The type III secretion system (T3SS) is multi-membrane-spanning protein channel used by Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria to secrete effectors directly into host cell cytoplasm. In many species reliant on T3SS f...