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Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a rapidly growing eld in AI. It is a memorydriven approach to problem solving; completed solutions to problems are stored in an `episodic' memory, retrieved and adaptively applied to solve new problems. \Inside Case-based Reasoning" [4], the popular predecessor to this book, is a well written introductory text for the subject. This book is an attempt to expand the ...

We examine implemented systems for ethical machine reasoning with a view to identifying the practical challenges (as opposed to philosophical challenges) posed by the area. We identify a need for complex ethical machine reasoning not only to be multi-objective, proactive, and scrutable but that it must draw on heterogeneous evidential reasoning. We also argue that, in many cases, it needs to op...

Argumentation is the process of supporting claims with grounds and defending them against attack. In the last decades argumentation has become an important topic in philosophy and artificial intelligence. In philosophy, the criticisms of Toulmin and Perelman of formal logic in the 1950s and 1960s gave rise to the field of informal logic, which studies informal models of reasoning and argumentat...

Research and scientific explanation about discourse democracy theory of Jurgen Habermas  and studying and evaluating reflection and generalization of his philosophical and epistemological principles are objectives which the researcher follows in this research From this view, there is studied representation of concepts and categories such as cognitive interests, communication action, discoursing...

This paper develops a game-theoretic and epistemic account of a peculiar mode of practical reasoning that sustains focal points but also more general forms of rule-following behavior which I call community-based reasoning (CBR). It emphasizes the importance of counterfactuals in strategic interactions. In particular, the existence of rules does not reduce to observable behavioral patterns but a...

The ESSLLI course presents and discusses ten problems of deontic logic and normative reasoning in computer science. Five of these problems have been taken from a list of ten philosophical problems in deontic logic discussed by Hansen, Pigozzi & van der Torre [39]: how to formally represent norms, how sets of norms may be revised and merged, how contrary-to-duty obligations can be appropriately ...

Different versions of the idea that individualism about agency is the root of standard game theoretical puzzles have been defended by Regan 1980, Bacharach (Research in Economics 53: 117-147, 1999), Hurley (Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26: 264-265, 2003), Sugden (Philosophical Explorations 6(3):165-181, 2003), and Tuomela 2013, among others. While collectivistic game theorists like Michael Bac...

The tutorial will give attendees: – A firm grasp of an important debate in the history of ideas. – A logical framework within which to assess questions of diagrammatic justification. – Knowledge of some key philosophical arguments for and against the epistemic value of diagrams. – A deeper understanding of the nature of diagrammatic reasoning. 4 Content The Issue. Can diagrams have epistemic va...