The taxonomy of green microalgae relies traditionally on morphological traits but has been rapidly changing since the advent molecular methods. Stichococcus Nägeli is a cosmopolitan terrestrial algal genus class Trebouxiophyceae that recently split into seven lineages, which, along with Pseudostichococcus, comprise Stichococcus-like group; there need to further characterize these genera, they ...

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) are a class of proteins that do not have a stable three-dimensional structure and can adopt a range of conformations playing various vital functional role. Alpha-synuclein is one such IDP which can aggregate into toxic protofibrils and has been associated largely with Parkinson's disease (PD) along with other neurodegenerative diseases. Osmolytes are smal...

Madin-Darby canine kidney cells behave like the renal medulla and accumulate small organic solutes (osmolytes) in a hypertonic environment. The accumulation of osmolytes is primarily dependent on changes in gene expression of enzymes that synthesize osmolytes (sorbitol) or transporters that uptake them (myo-inositol, betaine, and taurine). The mechanism by which hypertonicity increases the tran...

The CNS is particularly vulnerable to reductions in plasma osmolarity, such as occur during hyponatremia, the most commonly encountered electrolyte disorder in clinical practice. In response to a lowered plasma osmolarity, neural cells initially swell but then are able to restore their original volume through the release of osmolytes, both inorganic and organic, and the exit of osmotically obli...

in this study, we assessed the relative contribution of organic and inorganic solutes to osmotic adjustment (oa) in three almond rootstocks subjected to four levels of soil salinity. the results showed that leaf water and osmotic potentials were affected by salinity in gf677 and bitter almond, but less so in gn15, suggesting a higher selectivity for k+ and ca2+ against na+ in this latter rootst...

Neurons and glial cells respond to extracellular hyperosmolarity by accumulating small organic solutes, called "osmolytes." Na+/myo-inositol is one of the major organic osmolytes in the brain and Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT) regulates extracellular Na+/myo-inositol content. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an osmotic stress-inducing event of the brain. The expression of SMIT messenger ...

Fusarium head blight disease resulting from Fusarium graminearum (FG) infection causes huge losses in global production of cereals and development of FG-resistant plants is urgently needed. To understand biochemistry mechanisms for FG resistance, here, we have systematically investigated the plant metabolomic phenotypes associated with FG resistance for transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana expressin...