نتایج جستجو برای: observational method
تعداد نتایج: 1720557 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
We evaluated the effects of monitoring responses on the acquisition of sight words with 3 children with autism. In the training condition, we taught participants a vocal imitation and matching response related to a peer's reading response. In another condition, participants were exposed only to a peer's reading responses. Participants read the words more accurately during test sessions when the...
This paper develops and studies a tough love model of intergenerational altruism. We model tough love by modifying the standard altruism model (Barro, Becker 1974) in two ways. First, the child’s discount factor is endogenously determined, so that low consumption at young age leads to a higher discount factor later in her life. Second, the parent evaluates the child’s life time utility with a c...
In this paper observational equivalence for so-called Jordan networks, which are a special class of recurrent networks, is analysed. We show this type of neural nets to belong to a wider class of mixed networks and use the description of observational equivalence available for the latter class for obtaining the respective results for the rst class. nonlinear systems, recurrent neural nets, stru...
Symbolic Bisimulation for a Higher-Order Distributed Language with Passivation - (Extended Abstract)
We study the behavioural theory of a higher-order distributed calculus with private names and locations that can be passivated. For this language, we present a novel Labelled Transition System where higherorder inputs are symbolic agents that can perform a limited number of transitions, capturing the nature of passivation. Standard first-order weak bisimulation over this LTS coincides with cont...
We study the problem of characterizing contextual equivalence in higher-orderlanguages with passivation. To overcome the difficulties arising in the proofof congruence of candidate bisimilarities, we introduce a new form of labelledtransition semantics together with its associated notion of bisimulation, whichwe call complementary semantics. Complementary semantics allows to...
In many Discrete-Event Systems (DES) both state and event information are of importance to the systems designer. Logics such as Ostroff’s RTTL allow for the specification and verification of a system’s state-event behavior. To make realistic problems amenable to analysis, a designer must typically decompose the system into subsystems (modules) and use algebraic abstraction (quotient systems) to...
Parkinson's disease has multiple determinants and is associated with a wide range of exposures that appear to modify risk in traditional observational studies, including numerous lifestyle and environmental factors. Across other fields of medicine, Mendelian randomization has emerged as a powerful method to examine whether associations between exposures and disease outcomes are causal. Here we ...
The article deals with the problem of proving observational equivalence for the class of computational processes called processes with message passing. These processes can execute actions of the following forms: sending or receiving of messages, checking logical conditions and updating values of internal variables of processes. Our main result is a theorem that reduces the problem of proving ob...
1 Language 3 1.1 Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2 Dynamic Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Static Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.4 Contextual Equivalence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
Concerns have been raised about the quality of reporting in nutritional epidemiology. Research reporting guidelines such as the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement can improve quality of reporting in observational studies. Herein, we propose recommendations for reporting nutritional epidemiology and dietary assessment research by extending the...
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