Modelling the shoulder's musculature is challenging given its mechanical and geometric complexity. The use of the ideal fibre model to represent a muscle's line of action cannot always faithfully represent the mechanical effect of each muscle, leading to considerable differences between model-estimated and in vivo measured muscle activity. While the musculo-tendon force coordination problem has...

BACKGROUND Prior evidence on the relationship between hostility and minor health problems is limited to cross-sectional self-report studies. In the present study, this relationship was examined prospectively. METHODS Hostility of 1077 municipal employees was measured by a questionnaire survey and minor health problems by using 4-year register-based absence data including medically certificate...

OBJECTIVE To examine prevalence and localization of musculo-skeletal pain in adults with cerebral palsy compared with the general population and to investigate variables potentially associated with pain. DESIGN A postal survey. SUBJECTS Persons with cerebral palsy and no intellectual disabilities, 18 years or more, living in Norway. METHODS A multidimensional questionnaire, including item...

The nail unit is the largest cutaneous musculo-skeletal appendage. management of disorders an onerous task owing to disease manifestations and anatomical structure plate. topical treatment infections/disorders has been a centerpiece research in past few decades as it offers much safer focused alternative conventional oral therapy. However, transungual delivery had its challenges. This necessita...

Purpose: To design a musculo-skeletal dynamic spine model with which we can perform FES effectively as well as the simulation of spinal motion and analysis of stress distribution to the vertebra. Method: The skeletal model was designed from computed tomography (CT) data of a young male healthy volunteer. The muscles, discs and ligaments were attached to the skeletal model correctly as possible ...

Most studies addressing local feedback mechanisms are focused on posture and walking but only little is known about their role in fast locomotion. Some experimental studies on humans indicate a decrease in the activity of sensory signals with increasing speed (Collins et al. 1998, Simonsen and Dyhre-Poulsen 1999). It seems to be generally accepted that in fast movements the dynamics of the musc...